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Parasitology > Arachnida > Flashcards

Arachnida Flashcards

1
Q

How to differentiate arachnida adults and nymphs from larvae?

A

Adults and nymphs 4 leg pairs

larvae 3 leg pairs

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2
Q

Capituli of arachnida is composed of?

A

Gnathosoma has:
Palps
Hypostome
Chelicerae

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3
Q

Idiosoma of arachnida is composed of?

A

Podosoma(with legs)

Opisthosoma (without legs)

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4
Q

Mange mites latin name

A

order Astigmata

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5
Q

Mange mite order Astigmata includes

A 
Sarcoptes
Psoroptes
Otodectes
Notoedres
Knemidocoptes
Chorioptes
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6
Q

Ticks are called the order

A

Metastigmata

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7
Q

Soft ticks are called

A

Argasidae

  • Argas
  • Ornithodoros
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8
Q

Hard ticks are called

A

Ixodidae

  • Ixodes
  • Rhiphicephalus
  • Dermacentor
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9
Q

Pathological significance of arachnids

A

Allergenic (dust mites)
Skin lesions (mange)
Hematophagus
Disease transmission

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10
Q

Sarcoptes species

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

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11
Q

Sarcoptes size

A

very tiny (0.2-0.5mm)

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12
Q

How to distinguish female and male sarcoptes?

A

Males have suckers in 1st, 2nd and 4 th pair of legs

Females have suckers in 1st and 2nd pair of legs

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13
Q

What are in the legs of Sarcoptes that don’t have suckers?

A

Males have pedicels in 3rd pair of legs

Females have pedicels in 3rd and 4th pair of legs

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14
Q

What is the general appearance of Sarcoptes?

A

Very rounded, legs visible from ventral side not from dorsal side

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15
Q

What is the general cycle for mange mites?

A 
15-30 days:
egg
larvae
Nymphs:
-protonymph
-deuteronymph
-tritonymph
Adult
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16
Q

What is the preffered location of Sarcoptes

A

Epidermis (corneum-spninosum stratum)

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17
Q

Sarcoptes life explain

A

Females burrow eggs in the skin and poop in the burrows-> symptoms
Eggs hatch and the larvae moult to nymph
as adults males look for females to fertilise them

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18
Q

Infective stages of sarcoptes

A

Nymphs and fertilised females

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19
Q

How does one get infestated with sarcoptes?

A

Direct contact or fomites

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20
Q

Psoroptes are known as

A

non-burrowing mites

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21
Q

The prefered location of psoroptes?

A

Areas with wool or fur

Ears

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22
Q

How psoroptes cause damage?

A

They feed on lymph and the chelicerae damage the skin

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23
Q

How does one differentiate Psoroptes from Sarcoptes?

A

Psoroptes have pointed capituli while Sarcoptes have more rounded one
Psoroptes legs have “extra string hanging” aka three-jointed pretarsi

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24
Q

Otodectes are known as

A

Ear mites

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25
Q

Otodectes morphology

A

similar to Psoroptes but no extra hanging string from legs ie not three jointed pretarsi

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26
Q

Knemidocoptes infest?

A

birds (peak, legs and feathers of psittacines)

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27
Q

Morphology of Knemidocoptes?

A

Similar to Sarcoptes

28
Q

Demodex?

A

Genus of many host specific cigar shaped mites

29
Q

Demodex live in?

A

Hair follicles and sebaceous glands

30
Q

Demodex body regions?

A

Podosoma and striated opisthosoma (abdomen)

31
Q

Demodex significance

A

Infestation rate grow with age
Transmission of acne causing bacteria
Can cause problems in immunosuppressed individuals

32
Q

Cheyletiella

A

“walking dandruff” mites

33
Q

Cat cheyletiella

A

Cheyletiella blackei

34
Q

Dog cheyletiella

A

Cheyletiella yagsuri

35
Q

Rabbit cheyletiella

A

Cheyletiella parasitivorax

36
Q

Cheyletiella appearance

A

mite with prominent palpal claws

37
Q

Neotrombicula appearance

A

red tick

38
Q

Most common Neotrombicula

A

Neotrombicula autumnalis

frequent in the end of the summer and autumn

39
Q

Which stages of Neotrombicula are parasites?

A

Only larval

40
Q

Dermanyssus infests?

A

Birds (and rodents) but can be zoonotic

41
Q

Dermanyssus feeding habbits?

A

Nocturnal haematophagus feeding

42
Q

Dermanyssus causes

A

Allergy
Anemia
decreased production and egg quality

43
Q

Dermanyssus gnathosoma?

A

with chelicerae and elongated maxipalps

44
Q

Dermanyssus idiosoma?

A 
Medio-dorsal
medio-ventral:
-sternal
-genital
-anal
45
Q

Genus Varroa?

A

Honeybee parasite which causes economical losses in beekeeping and leaves poor bees without wings because it acts as a vector for Deformed wing virus

46
Q

Ixodidae regions

A

Gnathosoma and idiosoma

47
Q

Ixodidae gnathosoma

A

maxilar palps
chelicerae
hypostome with retrograde teeth

48
Q

Ixodidae respiration

A

via spiracle after last coxa

49
Q

Openings of Ixodidae

A

-adults: genital and anal

larvae and nymphs: anal

50
Q

Ventral scutum of Ixodidae is composed of

A

Sternal plate
genital plate
Anal plate
adanal plate

51
Q

Haller’s organ?

A

An organ Ixodidae have in their legs. It is used to find hosts and it detects CO2, temperature, humidity and vibration

52
Q

Biological cycle of ixodidae

A

Egg
Larvae (3 pairs
Nymph (without genital opening)
imago

53
Q

ixodidae life cycle types

A

1 host
2 host
3 host

54
Q

What diseases Ixodidae cause?

A

Paralysis and also vectors of:
Tularemia
Borreliosis
Ehrlichia

55
Q

Dermacentor

A

The ornament tick which has brown belly with white ornaments

56
Q

Pathogenic importance of Dermacentor?

A

Rocky mountain disease
Q fever
Babesia canis
Tularemia

57
Q

Rhiphicephalus causes?

A 
transmission:
-babesia canis
hepatozoon canis
ehrlichia canis
filarias
mediterranean spotted fever
tularemia
58
Q

How Argasidae differ from Ixodidae?

A 
head only seen from ventral side
absence of sclerotised scutum 
less teeth in hypostome
more egg layings/more feeding
multiple nymphal stages
59
Q

How Argasidae do without food?

A

adults survive up to 20 years without food

60
Q

How are different Argasidae differentiated?

A

presence of dorsal discs
capitulum
hypostome morphology

61
Q

Ornithodoros capitulum?

A

very pointy

62
Q

Argas hosts=

A

bats and birds

63
Q

pathogenic importance of argas

A

inoculation of toxins

64
Q

ornithodoros hosts

A

mammals incl.bats

65
Q

ornithodoros pathogenic importance?

A

vector of ASF virus

Parasitology (8 decks)

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