Parasitism Flashcards
What is an ecological niche
An ecological niche is a multidimensional summary of tolerance and requirements of a species
What is a fundamental niche
A species has a fundamental niche that it occupies in the absence of any interspecific competition
What is a realised niche
A realised niche is occupied in response to interspecific competition
What is the result of interspecific competition
competitive exclusion
What is competitive exclusion
Where the niches of two species are so similar that one declines to local extinction
What is resource partitioning
Where the realised niches are sufficiently different that potential competitors can co-exist by resource partitioning
What is parasitism
A symbiotic interaction between a parasite and its host
What is a benefit a parasite can gain from host
Gains benefit in terms of nutrients at expense of its host
Why are parasites referred to as degenerate
As host provides many of the parasites needs as the parasite lack the organs and structures found in other organisms
Why do some parasites have a narrow (specialised) niche
As they are very host specific
Ectoparasite
Lives on the surface if its host
Endoparasite
Lives within the tissues of its host
Parasitic life cycles
Some parasites need only one host to complete their life cycle whereas some need more than one
What is a vector and give eg
A vector plays an active role in the transmission of the parasite and may also be a host
-mosquito
How is the human disease malaria caused
By Plasmodium
What does schistosomes cause
The human disease schistosomiasis
What is a virus
Viruses are parasites that can only replicate inside a host cell
What do viruses contain
Viruses contain genetic material in form of DNA or RNA, packaged in a protective protein coat
Describe the structure of a virus
- Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
- Protective protein coat - Capsid
- Phosphide membrane
- attachment proteins - antigens