Parasitic zoonoses Flashcards by Hugo Siu

Where in the human body does amoeba infest?

Large intestine

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Which form of amoeba is found in fluid feces?

Trophozoites

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Which form of amoeba is found in formed feces?

Cysts

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How does Amoeba leave our body?

Feces

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Which Trypanosoma is the etiologic agent of Chagas’ disease?

T. cruzi

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What animal is the vector for transmitting T. cruzi?

Triatomine bugs

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What animals are the reservoirs for T. cruzi

Rodents, monkey

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Which form of T. cruzi is infectious?

Trypomastigotes

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What are the 3 ways of transmitting T. cruzi Chagas’ disease from human - to - human?

Blood donation
Organ transplant
Contaminated food

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What usually are the symptoms for Chagas’ disease?

No symptoms usually

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What happens with the chronic phase of Chagas’ disease?

Heart failure
Enlargement of ventricles
Enlargement of esophagus
Enlargement of colon

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Which form of Giardia is infectious?

Cyst

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Why does Giardia cyst enjoy being in water?

They have weak cyst walls

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How many trophozoites of Giardia are there in one cyst?

1 cyst
2 trophozoites

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Are trophozoites of Giardia infectious

Nope

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How does Giardia leave our body?

Feces

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Which part of our body does Giardia infest in?

Small intestine

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Which part of our body does Cryptosporidium infest in?

Small intestine

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Which of the following are important species in human?

C. parvum
C. ryanae
C. bovis
C. hominis

C. parvum
C. hominis

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How many sporozoites of Cryptosporidium are there in one cyst?

1 cyst
4 sporozoites

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Which part of our body does Giardia infest in?

Small intestine

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How does Cryptosporidium oocyst leave our body?

feces

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Can Cryptosporidium undergo sexual reproduction only?

They can undergo both sexual & asexual reproduction

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What is in the oocyst of Toxoplasma gondii?

1 cyst
2 sporocysts
4 sporozoites

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What is the similarity & difference between oocyst of Toxoplasma gondii & oocyst of Cystoisospora?

Similarity -> 1, 2, 4 Difference -> oocyst of Toxoplasma gondii is wayyyyy smaller

What are the difference in multiplying of Toxoplasma gondii in cats (definitive host) & intermediate host?

Intermediate host -> Tachyzoites ( Rapid reproduction ) - -> Bradyzoites ( Slow reproduction ) in anywhere they want :D Definitive host -> Small intestine - -> Asexual + Sexual cycle

If human consume an intermediate host infected w/ Toxoplasma gondii, what does that human become?

Secondary intermediate host

What are the symptoms for a healthy human infected with Toxoplasma gondii

Nothing special really

What people will be affected by T. gondii?

Human with deficient immune response

What are the greatest concern for people who is affected by T. gondii

Fetus -> Death -> Congenital malformation -> Mental retardation (my mom was weak at the time ok?)

How to avoid getting Toxoplasma gondii?

Avoid -> Cat feces -> Uncooked meat - -> Esp. pork

What can treat T. gondii?

Antimicrobial drugs

How does the oocyst of Toxoplasma gondii leave the body?

Feces

Are oocyst of Toxoplasma gondii infectious (sporulated) immediately after leaving the body?

Nope

How does the oocyst of Cyclospora cayetanensis leave the body?

Feces

Are oocyst of Cyclospora cayetanensis infectious immediately after leaving the body?

Nope

What are the similarity & difference between Neospora & Toxoplasma gondii?

Similarity -> Life cycle -> 1, 2, 4 Difference -> Neospora - -> definitive host : Dog - -> intermediate host : Cattle

Is Neospora zoonotic?

Nope, why are you even here lol

What are the disease Neospora causes in dogs & cattle?

Dogs -> neurological issues Cattle -> abortion

How does the oocyst of Neospora leave the body?

Feces

Are oocyst of Neospora infectious immediately after leaving the body?

Nope

How does the oocyst of Sarcocystis leave the body?

Feces

Are oocyst of Sacrocystis infectious immediately after leaving the body?

YESSSS SACROCYSTIS

Does Sacrocystis have a obligatory 2 host life cycle?

Yes -> Unlike Toxoplasma gondii - -> Cats can ingest its own T. gondii - - -> Life cycle can still be completed

Can Human be Sacrocystis' definitive host?

Yes -> Zoonotic

What is the intermediate host for Fasciola hepatica?

Snailll

Which organ does Fasciola hepatica infest in?

Liver

What are the difference in acute & chronic infestation of Fasciola hepatica in our Liver?

Acute -> Liver trauma -> W/ Clostridium novyi - -> Die twice Chronic -> Absorbs all your nutrients - -> Hyperproteinemia - -> Weakness

Why does Fasciola hepatica causes jaundice (icterus)?

Jaundice -> caused by problem in heme metabolism - -> caused by Liver damage - - -> Fasciola hepatica damage liver >:

What is the first intermediate host for Paragonimus?

Snaillll

What is the second intermediate host for Paragonimus?

I forgot .. crap oh Its Crab :D & crayfish

What is the first intermediate host for Opisthorchiids?

Snaillll

What is the second intermediate host for Opisthorchiids?

Crap.. I forgot again Oh its Carp among other freshwater fish

Which one of the following tapeworms have aquatic stages as part of their life cycle? Diphyllobothriidea Cyclophyllidea

Diphyllobothriidea

Does tapeworm have digestive system?

Nope

Are human the definitive host for T. solium?

Human

Where does T. solium grow in pig?

Wherever they want?

What if we eat ass & ate T. solium eggs?

They grow wherever they want in our body too

Are human the definitive host for Echinococcus granulosus?

Nope -> Human = Intermediate host

Which type of cyst does E. granulosus larva form?

Unilocular hydatid cyst

Are human the definitve host for Echinococcus multilocularis?

Nope -> Human = Intermedite host

Which type of cyst does E. multilocularis larva form?

Alveolar hydatid cyst

Which is more difficult to remove in human, unilocular or alveolar hydatid cyst?

Alveolar hydatid cyst

In Ascaris suum, which larvae form are infestious?

In Ascaris suum, which larvae form causes the most mechanical damage?

Are Toxascaris found in Taiwan?

Nope They are usually found in cooler places

What are the difference between Toxocara canis & Toxocara cati?

Toxocara canis -> Transplacental transmission Toxocara cati -> Migration of larvae towards trachea remain high for cats' whole life

What is the most effective preventive measure for Dog & Cat roundworms?

Clean poopoo

What causes Human Toxocarosis?

Ingestion of -> Raw Liver -> Raw meat -> Soil

What are some pathological significance of Human Toxocarosis?

Nodules containing larvae of T. canis -> Liver -> Lungs -> Kidney -> Brain

Which granulocytes are active?

Eosinophil -> Sustained eosinophilia ( > 50%)

What is the difference between Baylisascaris procyonis larvae & Toxocara larvae?

B. procyonis larvae grows larger and larger as they migrate

If B. procyonis invade the central nervous system of their paratenic hosts, how many of them will it take to kill of the host?

Which stage of Anisakidae larvae will most likely infect human?

How does human get infected by Trichinella?

Consumption of raw / undercooked pork