Parasitic Modes of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

define Commensalism

A

relationship between two species which may benefit from but do not depend on one another

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2
Q

define Phoresis

A

transport and shelter with no metabolic interactions

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3
Q

define inquiline species

A

“house guest” - exploits the living space of another species

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4
Q

define Mutualism

A

association where both species gain benefit but the association is not obligatory

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5
Q

define symbiosis

A

relation between species - can be divided into intra- and interspecific forms

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6
Q

define Parasitoid

A

intermediate stage between predation and true parasitism - attach themselves to a host, consuming and eventually killing it

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7
Q

define Facultative parasitism

A

can survive as free-living forms but can also become fully functional parasites

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8
Q

define Obligate parasite

A

parasite must find a receptive host in order to complete their life cycle

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9
Q

define temporary/periodic parasite

A

parasite infect for short periods and verges on predation (inc. parasitoids)

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10
Q

define permanent parasite

A

parasite remains with their host until they have completed the appropriate stage in their life cycle

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11
Q

define Larval parasite

A

has a parasitic junenile stage

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12
Q

define Hyperparasite

A

parasite of parasites

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13
Q

define Microparasite

A

small parasite with short generation times, life spans shorter than host. Often provoke strong immune responses from vertebrate hosts

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14
Q

define Macroparasite

A

generally do not multiply within or on their hosts and have relatively long generation times. Normally induce little to no host immune response, but cause weakening to produce morbidity (not mortality)

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15
Q

define Mean Worm Burden (MWB)

A

Number/severity of macroparasites a host can tolerate without producing an immune response

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16
Q

define Direct life cycles

A

those where there is a single host, e.g. with a parasitic adult form and free-living larval stage

17
Q

define Indirect life cycle

A

those with several hosts with particular roles throughout a parasitic life history

18
Q

define Accidental host

A

species not notmally part of the parasite life cycle but in permissive forms the parasite is able to complete its life cycle. In non-permissive forms the parasite fails to develop and dies within the host

19
Q

define Paratenic host

A

host that ingests larval stages and carries them in a form of arrested development, accumulating them until they have a chance of infecting a definitive host (also called transport hosts)

20
Q

define Definitive host

A

host in which sexual reproduction takes place

21
Q

define Intermediate host

A

asexual phase of the life cycle but often represent a multiplication stage

22
Q

define sacculinisation

A

evolving to lack sensory structures and motility because such functions are largely redundant - mostly seen in endoparasites