Parasites (Yr3)

Question 1

what age are cyathostomins typically seen?

Answer 1

<3 years old (don’t develop any immunity so can be seen at any age)

Question 2

where is the parasitic stage of cyathostomins?

Answer 2

large intestine

Question 3

what is the infective stage of cyathostomins?

Answer 3

L3

Question 4

what is the lifecycle of cyathostomins?

Answer 4

L3 ingested and passes into mucosa of the large intestine
develops and emerges as L5
eggs are passed onto pasture and moult to ensheathed L3

Question 5

do cyanthostomins hypobiose?

Answer 5

yes (early L3 stage)

Question 6

what drug is used to treat mucosal stage larvae (including hypobiosed) of cyathostomins?

Answer 6

moxidectin

Question 7

how do cyanthostomins cause disease?

Answer 7

large numbers build up is large intestine mucosa (hypobiosis) and then emerge on mass

Question 8

what clinical signs do cyathostomins cause?

Answer 8

acute diarrhoea
weight loss
oedema
colic

Question 9

what time of year do cyanthostomins cause disease?

Answer 9

late summer (August/September) as hypobiosed larvae emerge in May and then egg shedding increases over summer

Question 10

what are the small strongyles?

Answer 10

cyathostomins

Question 11

what are the large strongyles?

Answer 11

Strongylus spp.

Question 12

what is the generalised life cycle of Stongylus spp.?

Answer 12

L3 ingested and passes into mucosa of large intestine
migration occurs (depending on species)
L5 passes back into the large intestine lumen, mature to adults and produce eggs that pass in faeces

Question 13

where does Stongylus vulgars migrate to?

Answer 13

cranial mesenteric artery

Question 14

do Strongylus spp. hypobiose?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what should be used to treat Strongylus spp.?

Answer 15

ivermectin/moxidectin

Question 16

what cestode (tapeworm) is seen in horses?

Answer 16

Anoplocephala perfoliata

Question 17

what is the intermediate host of Anoplocephala perfoliata?

Answer 17

oribatid mite

Question 18

where is adult Anoplocephala perfoliata found?

Answer 18

ileo-caecal junction

Question 19

what types of colic can Anoplocephala perfoliata lead to?

Answer 19

spasmodic colic
intussusception
ileal impaction

Question 20

what age horse typically are effected by Anoplocephala perfoliata?

Answer 20

<3 years old

Question 21

how is Anoplocephala perfoliata treated?

Answer 21

praziquantel
(or double dose pyrantel)

Question 22

what is the main ascarid of horses?

Answer 22

Parascaris equorum

Question 23

how does Parascaris equorum cause disease?

Answer 23

large worms that cause mechanical blockage (no mucosal damage)

Question 24

what is the lifecycle of Parascaris equorum?

Answer 24

eggs passed in faeces
egg (containing L2) eaten by horse
L2 migrates to liver and then lungs and moults to L3
it is coughed up and swallowed then moults to L5 in the small intestine

Question 25

what clinical signs will be present in cases of Parascaris equorum?

Answer 25

transient cough poor weight gain (no diarrhoea)

Question 26

what age horses are typically effected by Parascaris equorum?

Answer 26

foals