Parasites- Nematodes (roundworms)

Question 1

What are the characteristics of Nematodes (roundworms)?

Answer 1

Unsegmented. body surrounded by cuticle. Triploblastic (body cavity and complete GI tract= mouth to anus). Dieocious (mail has bent “tail”=Bursa). Free living.

Question 2

What is the source of Ascaris Lumbricoides? And what is its pathogenesis?

Answer 2

1. soil infected with human feces. (ingest eggs from water/undercooked meat). 2. ingest food/H2O with eggs- eggs hatch in small intestine, releasing juvenile larvae—burrow into intestinal wall—enter portal circulation—go to liver, heart, and lungs=== go from lungs to trachea— coughed up and swallowed— goes back to intestines and matures and mates.

Question 3

What does Ascaris Lumbricoides cause? Especially with Migration?

Answer 3

1. intestinal blockage. possibly urticaria/hives or asthma (if allergenic) *2. Hemorrhagic/eosinophilic pneumonia (Loeffler’s syndrome).

Question 4

Which Nematodes can enter the Body through skin penetration?

Answer 4

Ancylostoma Duodenale (Hookworm) and Strongyloides Strocrailis

Question 5

What are the unique structural characteristics of Ancylostoma Duodenale (hook worm)? And What is its pathogenesis?

Answer 5

1. Mouth with large plates to cut through intenstinal wall
2. larvae penetrate skin (walking barefoot)— get to Intenstines—attach to GI mucosa—blood/fluid loss

Question 6

What does Ancylostoma Duodenale (Hookworm) cause?

Answer 6

Blood/fluid loss.

*Pot belly, clubbing, Pica.

* Microcytic Hypochromic Iron deficiency anemia

Question 7

What is the only organism that Enterobius Vermicularis (pinworm) infects? And what is unique about its pathogenesis?

Answer 7

1. Humans
2. Female migrates to anus—lays eggs at night—larvae hatch and migrate back to intestines

Question 8

What is the main symptom of Enterobius Vermicularis (pinworm)? And how do you diagnose it?

Answer 8

*1. Pruritis ani (perianal itching)

*2. Scotch Tape Test

Question 9

What is the source of Anisakis? And how does it present?

Answer 9

1. ingest raw saltwater seafood

*2. causes: Gastroenteritis. Eosiniphilia. Blood in Stool

Question 10

What is the source of Trichuris Trichiura (whip worm)?

Answer 10

soil with human feces. (fecal-oral route)

Question 11

What does Trichuris Trichiura (whip worm) cause?

Answer 11

Heav infections= tenesmus. malnutrition. diarrhea

* severe= rectum prolapse

Question 12

What is the source of Strongyloides Strocrailis? In what form does it enter the human body?

Answer 12

1. common in tropics.
2. Ingest Larvae or they penetrate the skin= find larvae in stool*

Question 13

What are the symptoms of Strongyloides strocrailis?

Answer 13

* itching. blotching. wheezing. diarrhea. weight loss.

Question 14

How do you get Trichinella Spiralis/ in what form is it taken in? And what is its reservoir?

Answer 14

1. ingest undercooked pork/bear meat that contains CYSTS
2. pigs

Question 15

What does Trichinella Spiralis cause?

Answer 15

*Trichinosis= gastroenteritis. fever. periobital edema. eosinophila.

Question 16

What are unique traits of the Filarial Nematodes (round worms)?

Answer 16

1. cause inflammation and block lymph
2. transmitted by vector

Question 17

How is Wuchereria bancrofti transmitted?

Answer 17

Larvae transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito bite (vector)

Question 18

What does Wuchereria Bancrofti cause?

Answer 18

(Filarial Nematode)

*1. Filarisasis= lymph obstruction- leads to edema, lymphangitis, and cellulites

*2. Elephantiasis= from chronic and repeated infections

-overall clinical manifestation possibilities= Asymptomatic. inflammation. fever. tropical pulmonary eosinophila. chyluria (microfilariae in urine)

Question 19

What is the vector for Oncocerca Volvulus?

Answer 19

(Filarial Nematode)

*Female Blackfly

Question 20

What does Oncocerca Volvulus cause? And how do you treat it?

Answer 20

1. subcutaneous inflammation and pruritis. Microfilariae migrate to eyes= *River Blindness

*2. Ivermectin