Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CMBM exam 4 > Dr. Jenney -Integration of CHO lipid metabolism > Flashcards

Dr. Jenney -Integration of CHO lipid metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key metabolic pathways?

A

Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the one place that ALL the metabolic pathways take place?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are metabolic pathways regulated?

A

by: 1) compartments within cell
2) organ specialization
3) hormones
4) Enzyme reciprocal regulation= covalent modification (+/- P) OR Allosterically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the primary and secondary fuels of the brain?

A 
primary= glucose
secondary= ketone bodies (prolonged starvation- b/c fatty acids can cross blood brain barrier)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which glucose transporter works with the brain?

A

GLUT3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

At what glucose concentration do coma/death set in?

A

2.2 mM or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the fuels used by muscles? And what is stored by muscles?

A

used:glucose, fatty acids, and ketone bodies
stored: glycogen
Resting= use Fatty Acids
Starving/workout= use amino acids (increases ammonia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do muscles do in anaerobic conditions?

A

convert pyruvate to lactate to regenerate NAD+ to continue glycolysis. lactate then goes into cori cycle (gluconeogenesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the primary, secondary, and tertiary fuels of the heart?

A

primary= fatty acids
secondary= ketone bodies
tertiary= lactate to pyruvate???-not sure what he was trying to say about the lactate and cardiac muscle in the powerpoint
* heart= ONLY aerobic and no glycogen stores*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

With prolonged starvation, which organ supplies up to 50% of the blood glucose?

A

Cortex of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which type of enzymes converts Triacylglycerols (TAGs) to fatty Acids and glycerol? And where does this take place?

A

Lipases.

Adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are fatty acids bound to in order to be moved to tissues?

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which are parts of the body have urea cycle enzymes?

A

Liver and Adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What form of “fuel” is stored in adipose?

A

Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What carries TAGs from liver to adipose?

A

VLDLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the liver doing in the FED state?

A

making and storing fatty acids and glycogen

17
Q

What is the liver doing in the FASTED state?

A

making ketone bodies

18
Q

Which organ possesses glucokinase? and what pathway is this enzyme involved in?

A

Liver

Glycolysis

19
Q

Which 2 parts of the body have glucose-6-phosphatase?

A

adipose and liver

20
Q

Which form of fuel can the liver NOT use as fuel? And why?

A

Ketone Bodies

b/c the liver has no CoA transferase

21
Q

When is (nor)epinephrine released? And where does it bind?

A
  1. high stress conditions

2. binds to muscle, adipose, and liver receptors

22
Q

What are (nor)epinephrine’s effects in the liver?

A
  1. increases: glycogen phosphorylase and gluconeogenesis (glucose liberation)
  2. decreases: glycogen synthase (glucose storage)
23
Q

What are (nor)epinephrine’s effects in the muscles?

A

increases: glycolysis (by increasing fructose-2,6-BP which increases PFK)

24
Q

What are (nor)epinephrine’s effects in adipose?

A

Increases: Fatty Acids

25
Q

When is glucagon released? And from where?

A
  1. fasting/low blood glucose

2. alpha cells of islets of langerhans in Pancreas

26
Q

What are glucagon’s effects in the liver?

A
  1. increases: glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (glucose liberation)
  2. decreases: Glycogen synthesis and Glycolysis
27
Q

What are glucagon’s effects in adipose?

A

increases: lipase (which leads to increased fatty acids and glycerol due to TAG breakdown)

28
Q

When and where is Insulin released?

A
  1. high blood glucose (right after meal)

2. Beta cells of islets of langerhans in pancreas

29
Q

What are insulin’s effects on tissues?

A

increases: glucose uptake

30
Q

What are insulin’s effects on the liver?

A
  1. increases: glycogen synthase and Fatty acid biosynthesis (fuel storage)
  2. decreases: glycogen phosphorylase (prevents breaking down of glycogen to release glucose)
31
Q

What are insulin’s effects on adipose?

A

increases: Fatty acid uptake (from VLDLs) and TAG synthesis

32
Q

When is cortisol released? From where? And what does it do?

A
  1. long periods of high stress or low blood glucose
  2. from Adrenal cortex
  3. changes expression of genes encoding metabolic enzymes by binding nuclear receptors
33
Q

What are cortisol’s effects on adipose?

A

increases: Fatty acid release

34
Q

What are cortisol’s effects on muscle?

A
  1. increases: Amino Acid export

2. decreases: proteins (via breakdown)

35
Q

What are cortisol’s effects on the liver?

A

increases: pyruvate carboxylase and gluconeogenesis

CMBM exam 4 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions