Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Post Midterm Flashcards > parasites - lecture 35 > Flashcards

parasites - lecture 35 Flashcards

1
Q

Protozoan parasites-General features

A
  • Unicellular
  • parasitic (acquire nutrition from the host )
  • asexual and sexual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the location and common routes if parasites

A
  • intestinal : faecal oral
  • urogenital: sexual transmission
  • Blood and tissue : insect vectors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what’s the life cycle of a protozoa

A

-cysts - inactive and in the environment
-Trophozoite - metabolically active
- Intestinal parasites grow and divide within the bowel and are passed into the
environment.
they may be trophozoites and cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cyst or oocytes

A
  1. passed in feces
  2. Non motile
  3. Resistand to hostile environment
  4. does not multiply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Trophozoite

A
  1. Metabolically active
  2. Motile
  3. Multiplies by replication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the intestinal protozoas

A
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Balantidium coli
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Cryptosporidium parvum
  • Cyclospora cyatenensis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name a urogential protozal parasite

A

-Trichomonas vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A
  • Pseudopodia
  • causes bloody diarrhoea (amoebic dysentery)
  • amoebic liver abscess
  • asexually
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Balantidium coli:

A
  • ciliate
  • found in pigs colon
  • produces colonic ulceration
  • asexually reproduces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Giardia lamblia

A
  • flagellate
    -lives in the
    small intestine
  • malabsorption
    -reproduces asexually
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum

A

-non-motile
-prevalent in the
immunocompromised
-reproduces asexually and sexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cyclospora cyatenensis

A
  • non-motile
  • parasitizes the small intestinal mucosa
  • diarrhoea
  • asexually and sexually
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

flagellate, urogenital parasite, sexually transmitted,

reproduces asexually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the extra-intesitanal/blood and tissue protozoa

A
  • Plasmodium spp
  • Leishmania spp
  • Trypanosoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Plasmodium spp

A

-Anopheles
mosquito
-Malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Leishmania spp

A
  • flagellate

- sand flies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

African Trypanosoma

A
  • sleeping sickness

- Tsetse fly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

American Trypanosoma

A
  • Chagas disease

- Reduviid/Triamtomine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name 2 Pathogenic free-living amoebae

A
  • Naegleria fowleri

- Acanthamoeba spp.-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Naegleria fowler

A
  • freshwater
    -Invasion
    from nasal mucosa into the brain
    -meningoencephalitis
21
Q

Acanthamoeba spp

A
  • soil and water
  • lens liquid gets contaminated or comes from dust or swimming
  • causes keratitis
22
Q

Metazoan parasites-General features

A 
-Eukaryotic multicellular animals that have digestive, circulatory, nervous,
excretory and reproductive systems
-bilateral symmetry
-reproduce sexually and asexually 
-
23
Q

Classified Helminths are called :

A

➢ Nemathelminthes (roundworms)-Nematoda

➢ Platyhelminthes (flatworms)-Trematoda and Cestoda

24
Q

what are the infective forms of nematodes

A
  • egg
  • filariform larvae
  • 3rd stage larvae
25
Q

what are the infective forms of trematodes

A
  • cercaria

- metacercaria

26
Q

what are the infective forms

A
  • proglottid
  • embryonated egg
  • cysticercus
  • cystericercoid
27
Q

Presence of worms might result in:

A

➢Mechanical blockage
➢Pressure from the growing parasite
➢Nutritional deficiency

28
Q

Significance of Polyparasitism

multiparasitism or co-infection

A

• High numbers of infections: increases chance of >1 parasite

29
Q

Symptoms associated with nematode infections

A

Lungs (larvae):
➢Asthma or pneumonia-like
➢Cough, shortness of breath, wheezing.
Intestines (adult worms):
➢Diarrhea; or bloody stools
➢General GI symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.
➢Severe infections: malnutrition, weight loss.

30
Q

Nematodes (round worms)- General features

A
  • cyndrical bodies
  • complete digestive tracts
  • body covered in cuticle
  • hooks or suckers
  • male and female sexes
  • the worms produce eggs
31
Q

Ascaris

A
  • roundworm
  • poor hygiene
  • adult worm lives in small intestine
32
Q

• Enterobius

A

pinworm
Fecal-oral
➢Prevalent worldwide
➢Found mainly in children

33
Q

Trichuris

A

whipworm
-fecal-oral route
-diarrhoea, rectal prolapse
and anaemia

34
Q

• Ancylostoma & Necator

A

hookworm
-Acquired by skin penetration, a major
cause of anaemia in the tropics

35
Q

Strongyloides

A 
threadworm
➢Acquired by skin penetration,
inhabits the small bowel
➢Infection more severe in
immunocompromized people
36
Q

Trichinella

A

pork roundworm
Encysted larvae occur in striate
muscle and symptoms occur based
on location

37
Q

Toxocara

A 
dog/cat roundworm
-embryonated eggs are ingested
from dog or cat faeces present in
soil
➢It is common in children and can
cause visceral larva migrans (VLM)
38
Q

Lymphatic filariae

A 
➢Wuchereria
➢Brugia
Microfilarial nematodes transmitted by
mosquito and fly and causative agents of
lymphatic filariasis
39
Q

Cutaneous filariae

A 
➢Onchocerca
➢Loa loa
➢Dracunculus
➢Microfilarial nematodes transmitted by
mosquito and fly and cause visual
impairment, blindness and severe itching
of the skin in infected individuals
40
Q

what are the 3 stages of nematodes

A
  • egg
  • larva(splits into molt)
  • adult
41
Q

Trematodes (flukes)-General features

A

-dead end digestive system (same opening )
-life cycle involves more than one host
-

42
Q

Fasciolopsis buski (intestinal fluke)

A

-pigs
-inflammation in chronic infection
-ulceration and
haemorrhage small intestine

43
Q

Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke)

A

This parasite is acquired by ingestion of infective

metacercariae in raw or pickled crustaceans

44
Q

• Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke)

A

A parasite of sheep, humans become infected when ingest
freshwater plants, parasite lives in the intra-hepatic bile
ducts of the liver. Fascioliasis can lead to severe anaemia in
humans

45
Q

• Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke)

A

➢ Acquired by ingestion of infective metacercariae in raw,

pickled, smoked fish

46
Q

Cestodes (tapeworms)-General features

A 
-Flat segments called proglottids
develop sequentially from a head
called the scolex.
-no digestive tract
-
47
Q

• Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and Taenia

solium (pork tapeworm

A 
➢ causes cysticercosis worldwide
➢ acquired by ingestion of contaminated,
uncooked beef and pork that contain
cystercerci
➢ Taenia solium causes neurocysticercosi
48
Q 
• Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm) and
Echinococcus multilocularis (rodent tapeworm)
A

➢ Hydatid disease occurs when the larval
stages of these organisms are ingested
➢ The larvae may develop in the human host
and cause lesions in several organs

Post Midterm Flashcards (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions