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Post Midterm Flashcards > Fungi - Lecture #37 > Flashcards

Fungi - Lecture #37 Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

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2
Q

Fungi cell wall

A

Chitin , β (1,3) and β (1,6) glucans, mannose modified proteins, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)- anchored proteins. The cell membrane has ergosterol

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3
Q

Fungal Morphology - Mould

A
  • Multicellular
  • hyphae (septate or aspetate)
  • mycelia
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4
Q

Septa described

A

Septa are perforated: mitochondria or nuclei can migrate along a hyphal strand.

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5
Q

Aspetate Described

A

are referred to as coenocytic, in that a single plasma membrane surrounds many nuclei creating a multinucleate cell.

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6
Q

Dikaryon

A

A fungal cell with two haploid nuclei

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7
Q

Dimorphic fungi - animal habitat

A
  • Parasitic
  • 35C - 40 C
  • endospore reproduction
  • yeast phase
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8
Q

Dimorphic Fungi - Natural habitat

A
  • Saprobic
  • Mycelial phase
  • <30C
  • sporulation reproduction
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9
Q

Asexual reproduction of fungi

A

-budding can be equal or unequal
-can form from hyphae or specialized hyphal structures
-

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10
Q

Sexual reproduction of fungi

A

-fuses haploid gametes to produce a transient diploid zygote, which then produces haploid spores.

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11
Q

Fungal Pathogenesis

A
  • primary mycoses – respiratory portal; inhaled spores
  • cutaneous and superficial – contamination of skin surface
  • subcutaneous - inoculated skin; trauma
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12
Q

Fungal Pathogenesis -Virulence Factors I

A

thermal dimorphism, toxin production, capsules and adhesion factors, hydrolytic enzymes, inflammatory stimulants

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13
Q

Antifungal defenses

A

-integrity of the barriers and respiratory cilia
-cell-mediated immunity, phagocytosis, and
inflammation ( most NB)

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14
Q

Fungal diseases can be classified into four major types

A
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Myotocicoses
  • Mycetismus
  • Infections (Mycoses )
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15
Q

Mycotoxicoses

A

poisoning of man/animal by feeds/products contaminated by toxin producing fungi that colonize crops such as grains, corn, peanuts; lethal to poultry and livestock

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16
Q

Mycetismus

A

ingestion of pre-formed toxins

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17
Q

Ascomycota

A

-Sexual reproduction in a sack called an ascus with the
production of ascopspores
-Candida Albicans ,Pneumocystis jirovecii

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18
Q

Basidiomycota

A

Sexual reproduction in a sack called a basidium with the production of basidiospores

  • common mushrooms
  • Cryptococcus neoformans.
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19
Q

Zygomycota

A
  • sexual reproduction by gametes and asexual reproduction with the formation of zygospores
  • Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp. and Absidia spp.
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20
Q

Deuteromycota

A

(mitosporic fungi, fungi imperfecti) - no recognizable form of sexual reproduction. Includes most pathogenic fungi
-Penicillium spp., Trichophyton, candida spp., Aspergillus spp

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21
Q

Superficial mycoses

A

Colonization of the outer layers of skin, the hair and nails, produces superficial mycoses, rarely invade deeper tissues.

22
Q

Pityriasis (Tinea) versicolor - Superficial mycoses

A

caused by the dimorphic Malassezia furfur, which infects skin and alters color

23
Q

Tinea Nigra -superficial myoces

A
  • Causes skin to darken

- caused by Hortaea werneckii

24
Q

Black piedra

A

superficial infection of the hair shaft caused by Piedra hortae. Also, white piedra.

25
Q

Onychomycosis-Superfical mycoses

A

fungal infection of fingernails and toenails caused by Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes

26
Q

Cutaneous mycoses

A
  • These macular, papular or pustular (herpetiform) lesions that itch and are spread by scratching. Infection is confined to cutaneous tissue and rarely spread systemically.
  • causative agents - soil organisms introduced to extremities by trauma
27
Q

Cuntaneous Mycoses illnesses

A
  • Tinea barbae
  • Tinea pedis
  • Tinea cruris
  • Tinea corporis
  • Tinea capitis
28
Q

Subcutaneous Mycoses

A

-Involve skin and deep viscera

29
Q

Sporotrichosis-Subcutaneous Mycoses

A

a subacute or chronic granulomatous infection, often following lymphatics, caused by the soil fungus Sporothrix schenckii

30
Q

mycetoma

A

is a granulomatous inflammation that may extend beneath the subcutaneous region to bone. Pigmented nodules may drain through sinuses and produce colored grains

31
Q

Chromoblastomycosis

A

an infection that forms

warty pigmented lesions which grow outward from

32
Q

Candidiasis

A
  • opportunistic mycotic infection
  • off white ,pasty colony
  • causative agent of thrush , yeast infections and cutaneous candidas
33
Q

Aspergillosis

A

Verycommonairbornesoilfungus,usuallyinfectinglungs
• Serious opportunistic threat to AIDS, leukemia, and transplant patients • Invasive aspergillosis can involve many organs

34
Q

Cryptococcosis - opportunistic infection

A
  • inhabits soil around pigeon roots
  • affects lungs and brain
  • common infection of AIDS ,cancer or diabetes patients
35
Q

Zygomycosis/mucormycosis

A
  • opportunistic infection

- Sabrobic fungi in soil ,water ,organic debris and food

36
Q

Pneumocystis

A
  • pneumocystis jiroveci causes PCP
  • most prominent infection in those with AIDS
  • can be fatal without medication
37
Q

Fungal culture medium

A

-SDA (ph -5.4)
- potato dextrasagar, Brain heart infusion
Czapek dox agar
- can be used isolation and to help for identification

38
Q

What does yeast look like microscopically

A

= oval
= budding
- encapsulated

39
Q

Molds microscopically

A
  • Hyphae

- spores

40
Q

Fungal Stains

A
  • 10 % KOH

- A calcoflour white / gram stain (stains positive) -Gomori - methenamine silver staining

41
Q

Low angle branching of hyphae

A

Aspergillus spp

42
Q

Right angle branching of hyphae and aspetate

A

Zygomycetes

43
Q

Sporangia

A

Enclosed spores

44
Q

Conidiophores

A

Open spores

45
Q

Phialides

A

Flask shaped cells from which conidia bud

46
Q

Arthospores

A

Cells that become conadia as they break off from the end of hypha

47
Q

Blastospores

A

-produced by budding at the ends of phialides.

48
Q

Chlamydospores

A

Thick walled spores capable of surviving adverse conditions

49
Q

Conidial structure

A

Macro or micro conidia

Tuberculate (knobbly appearance of a spore )

50
Q

Control of fungal infection

A

➢inhibition of ergosterol, beta-glucan and chitin biosynthetic pathways, ➢ inhibition of DNA synthesis by depleting thymine pools

Post Midterm Flashcards (4 decks)

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