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G2F > Parasites and Protozoa and C diff Pharm > Flashcards

Parasites and Protozoa and C diff Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Nematodes- drugs

A
  • Albendazole

- Mebendazole

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2
Q

Cestodes- drugs

A
  • Albendazole
  • Mebendazole
  • Praziquantel
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3
Q

Trematodes- drugs

A

-Praziquantel

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4
Q

soil-transmitted helminths

A
  • ascaris, hookworm, trichuris

- albendazole or mebendazole- Benzimidazoles!!

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5
Q

Benzimidazoles- moa

A

bind to parasite B-tubulin- disrupt microtubule polymerization (stop mt dep processes- attachment, glucose-transport)

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6
Q

Mebendazole- bioavailability, distribution

A
  • poor absorption!! low systemic exposure!!

- stays in intestinal tract!!

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7
Q

Albendazole- bioavailability, distribution

A
  • modest absorption, efficient metabolism!!!- low systemic exposure
  • hepatic metabolites!- so good for tissue dwelling helminths, hydatid cysts!!!
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8
Q

Thiabendazole

A

-cutaneous use only!! for larval migrans (systemic toxicity)

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9
Q

Mebendazole- treats what?

A
  • enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
  • ascaris lumbricoides
  • Trichuris trichiura (3 day course)
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10
Q

Albendazole- treats

A
  • Necator a, Ancylostoma d (hookworm)
  • Ascaris lumbricoides
  • Toxocara (larval migrans)
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11
Q

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)- drug

A

-Mebendazole

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12
Q

Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm)- drug

A

-Albendazole

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13
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides- drug

A
  • Albendazole

- Mebendazole

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14
Q

Toxocara (Larval migrans)- drug

A

-Albendazole

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15
Q

Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)- drug

A
  • Mebendazole- *3 day course

- Albendazole

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16
Q

Albendazole and mebendazole- contraindications

A

pregnancy- teratogenic!!!

17
Q

alternative nematode therapy

A

-pyrantel!!- hookworm, pinworm, roundworm (but not trichuris trichiura)

18
Q

pyrantel- moa

A
  • depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

- causes act of N-AChR- spastic paralysis!!

19
Q

worm burden- heavy Ascaris infections- use what?

A

pyrantel!! with albendazole

20
Q

can be used in pregnant pts?

A

-pyrantel

21
Q

Ivermectin- used for?

A
  • intestinal strongyloidiasis
  • onchocerciasis- river blindness!!!
  • lymphatic filariasis- Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi
22
Q

Ivermectin- moa

A
  • act glutamate-gated Cl channels- hyperpolarization- paralysis
  • cannot cross BBB in mammals
  • can act on GABA-gated Cl channels in humans- so contraindicated if BBB is disrupted!!
23
Q

Diethylcarbamazine- used for?

A
  • lymphatic filariasis

- loasis

24
Q

Cestodes (tapeworms)- infections

A
  • Cysticercosis
  • Echinococcosis
  • Taeniasis- pork, beef
  • Diphyllobrothriasis- fish
25
Q

drug for all adult form tapeworm infections

A

Praziquantel!!

  • taenia solium- pork
  • taenia saginata- beef
  • diphyllobothrium latum- fish
26
Q

drug for larval forms of tapeworm infections

A

Albendazole!!

  • cysticercosis
  • Echinococcus granulosus (Cystic hydatid dz)
27
Q

Cysticercosis (taenia solium tapeworm)- neuro sx’s!!!- drug?

A

-Albendazole!!

28
Q

cystic hydatid dz (Echinococcus granulosus)- drug?

A

-Albendazole!!

29
Q

Schistosomiasis- drug?

A

-Praziquantel!!

30
Q

Praziquantel- moa

A
  • interfere with Ca homeostasis and causes flaccid paralysis in adult flukes
  • causes ag’s within the parasite to be exposed to the action of host ab’s!!!
31
Q

Metronidazole- treats what?

A

-Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis)
-Giardia lamblia
(anaerobic!!- PFOR complex activates the metronidazole!)

32
Q

treats giardiasis

A

-Tinidazole (resistance to metronidazole)

33
Q

Metronidazole- AE’s

A
  • metallic taste

- disulfiram-like rxn (sx’s assoc w/ alcohol intake)

34
Q

E histolytica (amebiasis)- drug

A
  • metronidazole!

- if sx- followed by a luminal amebicide to eliminate intraluminal cysts

35
Q

colonization of intestine with E histolytica- drug?

A

-Paromomicin

36
Q

C difficile- treatment?

A
  • Metronidazole- initial choice
  • Vancomycin (PO)- 1st choice for recurrence
  • Fidaxomicin- ICU acquired

G2F (17 decks)

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