PARASITES

Question 1

what is a parasite?

Answer 1

pathogen that INJURES and DERIVES sustenance from host

Question 1

Classify parasites (3 types)

Answer 1

worms/helminths
protozoa
ectoparasites

Question 2

worms and helminths classification

Answer 2

LARGE, complicated parasites, nematodes/trematodes

Question 3

protozoa classification

Answer 3

• single celled
• in water
• to human through food water poop

GIARDIA, TOXOPLASM

Question 4

protozoa in skin

Answer 4

toxoplasma, leishmania

Question 4

ectoparasites classification

Answer 4

leech, lice, fleas, scabies

Question 5

protozoa in blood

Answer 5

plasmodium, babesia, trypanosoma

Question 5

protozoa lives where

Answer 5

skin, GI tract, blood, genital tract

Question 6

protozoa in gi tract

Answer 6

giardia, cryptosporidium, cyclospora, entamoeba

Question 7

protozoa in genital tract

Answer 7

trichomonas

Question 8

giardiasis

Answer 8

non invase parasite in upper intestine

(giardia duodenalis)

Question 9

giardiasis transmission

Answer 9

• cysts in food/water
• fecal oral

Question 10

giardiasis risk factors

Answer 10

travel in resource limit countries
day care
swim in lake
oral anal
immunocomp

Question 11

giardiasis S+S ACUTE

Answer 11

50% ASYMP, can shed cyst

profuse WATERY diarrhea, nausea, foul smell, cramp, fart, weight loss

Question 12

giardiasis S+S CHRONIC

Answer 12

greasy LOOSE stool (steatorrhea)
weight loss, malabsorption, malaise

Question 13

giardiasis diagnosis (tests)

Answer 13

• Stool PCR (part of panel)
• Stool Ag Assay
  ^ BOTH are not useful after treatment
• Stool Microscopy for cysts

Question 14

giardiasis complications

Answer 14

malabsorption, stunt growth, post infect IBS or LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

Question 15

giardiasis treaments
- symptomatic
- asymptomatic

Answer 15

SYMP: tinidazole, 1 dose

ASYMP: only treat if concern for immunocomp/transmission

Question 16

what is cryptosporidium

Answer 16

intracellular spore forming protozoan parasite

Question 17

cryptospor infect what cells

Answer 17

infect and repro in epithelial cells of digestive/repro tract

Question 18

cryptospor transmission route

Answer 18

fecal/oral
ingesting oocysts, go to GI/RESP tract

Question 19

cryptospor manifestations

Answer 19

resp symp–> rare
immunocomp–> chronic diarrhea

self limited diarrhea

Question 20

cryptospor testing

Answer 20

PCR
BAL fluid or stool
Acid fast stain
Microscopy

Question 21

cryptospor treatment

Answer 21

self limiting or NITAZOXANIDE

Question 22

Amebiasis transmission

Answer 22

highly infectious - INGEST fecal contaminated food/water - anal sex, hand holding

Question 23

amebiasis risk factors

Answer 23

- migrate from tropical/developing countries - oral anal sex

Question 24

amebiasis S+S

Answer 24

MOST ASYMP, can clear w out intervention/self limit OR - subacute 1-3 week onset - DIARRHEA BLOODY - abdomen pain, weight loss

Question 25

amebiasis complications

Answer 25

- hepatic abscess in ASYMPTOMATIC PPL (think in ER) - granulomatous (rare)--> resemble adenocarcinoma

Question 26

amebiasis testing

Answer 26

STOOL PCR!!!! (main one for test) microscopy, stool Ag test

Question 27

Amebiasis treatment symptomatic pt vs asymptomatic

Answer 27

SYMP: 2 steps - antibiotic: metronidazole/tinidazole - intraluminal amebicide: paromomycin ASYMP: - JUST the paromomycin (penetrate intestine tissue)

Question 28

amebiasis and giardiasis are self limiting.. should we treat or no?

Answer 28

STILL TREAT THEM

Question 29

which is more invasive, giardia or amebiasis

Answer 29

amebiasis

Question 30

trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 30

STI - high rates in women (men can still get) PUSSY PARASITE!- vic

Question 31

trich vag S+S

Answer 31

vag itchy, discomfort peeing, discharge, associated dysuria FROTHY DISCHARGE

Question 32

trich vag test

Answer 32

wet mount, molecular tests

Question 33

trich vag treatments

Answer 33

metronidazole treat partners as well

Question 34

enterobiasis caused by what

Answer 34

enterobiasis vermicularis--> PINWORMS common in children 5-10

Question 35

enterobiasis transmission

Answer 35

person to person ingest eggs after hand contact

Question 36

where do eggs lay in enterobiasis

Answer 36

from rectum to anus to put eggs in perianal skin

Question 37

enterobiasis S+S

Answer 37

MOST ASYMP - nocturnal perianal itching

Question 38

enterobiasis diagnosis

Answer 38

scotch tape test/paddle test - tape applied at night, then microscope for eggs

Question 39

when you think of think anal itching and enterbiasis who do you think of???

Answer 39

RACHEK

Question 40

enterobiasis treatment

Answer 40

- albendazole, mebendazole hand washing, bedding/clothing wash