parasites

Question 1

What are the external arthropods that can cause disease in cattle?

Answer 1

mites, lice, ticks, flies

Question 2

what are the general symptoms of cattle with internal parasite infections?

Answer 2

rough hair coat, diarrhea, emaciation, weight loss, and blood loss

Question 3

What are the three stomach worms of cattle

Answer 3

large (barbers pole), medium (ostertagia / brown stomach worm), and small (trichostrongylus)

Question 4

what is the large worm aka

Answer 4

haemonchus placei or barbers pole worm

Question 5

where is the large stomach worm typically found

Answer 5

tropical regions

Question 6

what is the medium stomach worms aka

Answer 6

ostertagia ostertagia or brown stomach worm

Question 7

which stomach worm is considered to be the single most important parasite of cattle

Answer 7

medium stomach worm

Question 8

what special mechanism does the medium stomach worm have

Answer 8

is able to switch off is the climate is not suitable

Question 9

ostertagia ostertagia can change the pH of the stomach to what

Answer 9

6 or greater

Question 10

changing the pH of the stomach causes a protein losing gastropathy which results in

Answer 10

hypoproteinemia

Question 11

what is the small stomach worms aka

Answer 11

trichostrongylus axei

Question 12

does the small stomach worm survive in temperate weather

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

infections made by the small stomach worm are characterized by

Answer 13

diarrhea, gastritis, hyperemia

Question 14

a nematode of the small intestine and does not suck blood

Answer 14

Cooperia Spp

Question 15

even though cooperia spp has shown to be resistant to ___ and ___, it is still fairly killed

Answer 15

benzimidazoles and avermectins

Question 16

Bunostomum phlebotomum is aka the

Answer 16

bovine hookworm

Question 17

the bovine hookworm can infect cattle through fecal-oral or through

Answer 17

skin penetration

Question 18

this causes both constipation and diarrhea

Answer 18

bunostomum phlebotomum
bovine hookworm

Question 19

Strongyloides papillosus is aka

Answer 19

the bovine threadworm

Question 20

the bovine threadworm can infect cattle through skin penetration and ingestion. but is more commonly transmitted by ___ to calves

Answer 20

colostrum / transmammary

Question 21

what type of diarrhea does strongyloides papillosus cause

Answer 21

intermittent diarrhea

Question 22

nematodirus helvetianus is aka

Answer 22

parasitic roundworms

Question 23

parasitic roundworms egg’s accumulate in pastures and hatch when

Answer 23

after rain

Question 24

since nematodirus eggs do not hatch until rain what does this produce

Answer 24

heavy infections rapidly

Question 25

why are parasitic roundworms difficult to diagnose

Answer 25

adult worms do not pass as many eggs

Question 26

Toxocara vitulorum is transmitted by

Answer 26

milk / transmammary

Question 27

toxocara vitulorum affects calves 6 months or younger

Answer 27

true

Question 28

oesophagostomum radiatum is aka

Answer 28

nodular worm

Question 29

nodular worms can cause what clinical signs in calves

Answer 29

anorexia, persistant diarrhea, weight loss, death

Question 30

Chabertia ovina is aka the

Answer 30

large mouth bowel worm

Question 31

trichuris axei is aka the

Answer 31

whipworm of cattle

Question 32

whipworms tend to infect

Answer 32

young calves and yearlings

Question 33

trichuris axei eggs are resistant. what can this cause

Answer 33

persist on problem premises

Question 34

moniezia expansa and moneizia benedeni are aka

Answer 34

common tapeworms of young cattle

Question 35

how do tapeworm segments look

Answer 35

wider than they are long

Question 36

how are M. expansa and M. benedeni eggs shaped

Answer 36

triangular and rectangular

Question 37

antinematodal that interferes with the worms energy at the cellular level. that has very few side effects in cattle

Answer 37

benzimidazoles

Question 38

fenbendazole (panacur / safeguard)

Answer 38

benzimidazole that kills lungworms, stomach worms, strongyles

Question 39

albendazole (valbezen)

Answer 39

benzimidazole that kills adult liver flukes, tapeworms, stomach worms and strongyles

Question 40

antinematodal that kills by interfering with the nervous system and muscle function leading to neuromuscular paralysis and death

Answer 40

Avermectins

Question 41

why do avermectins not kill the host animal

Answer 41

they work on glutamate gated chloride channels which is absent in mammals

Question 42

do avermectins cross the blood brain barrier

Answer 42

no

Question 43

what 3 drugs belong to the avermectin class

Answer 43

ivermectin, moxidectin, and eprinomectin

Question 44

Ivermectin (ivomec)

Answer 44

avermectin that kills roundworms, lungworms, cattle grubs, sucking lice and mites

Question 45

moxidectin ( cydectin pour on)

Answer 45

avermectin that kills roundworms, lungworms, cattle grubs, mites, lice, and horn flies

Question 46

eprinomectin (eprizero)

Answer 46

avermectin that kills roundworms, cattle grubs, lice, mange mites, lungworms

Question 47

which drug of the avermectins has no withdraw period

Answer 47

eprinomectin

Question 48

used to treat coccidian and other protozoans if they are present

Answer 48

antiprotozoals

Question 49

what is the most prevalent protozoan in cattle

Answer 49

eimeria bovis

Question 50

which antiprotozoal can be used in calves

Answer 50

amprolium (corid)

Question 51

which antiprotozoal can be used in both calves and adults

Answer 51

decoquinate (deccox)

Question 52

coccidiosis - eimeria

Answer 52

microscopic parasites that infect the interior of cells lining the lymphatic blood vessels

Question 53

we accumulate roughly 10-20 feet from the pylorus

Answer 53

parasitic roundworms