Ax and Sx Flashcards
cattle handle standing procedures better than horses do
true
similar to horses, cattle tend to have difficulty recovery periods from general anesthesia
false
there are no local anesthetics approved for use in cattle
true
cattle are most sensitive to xylazine than horses
true
anticholinergics (like atropine) are commonly given to cattle undergoing anesthesia to reduce the amount of saliva that it produced
false
which method of dehorning is used when “cosmetic dehorning” is wanted by the owner
surgical saws
prior to stand procedures, how long should food and water be withheld
water 6-12 hours
food 12 - 36 hours
what is the most commonly used anesthetic in cattle
xylazine, very sensitive, yohimbine reverses
what dehorner is the most popular style of scoop dehorners for small and medium horns
the lever type or barnes
what nerve block is used for desensitization of the horn and the horn base for dehorning
cornual
what medication is given prior to castration in cattle has shown to be cost effective as animals have been shown to have better quality weight gain after castration
meloxicam
chemical castration has been used in young bull calves that weigh less than ___ pounds
150
the bloodless castration method is completed using an ___ (aka ___). this method allows for the testicles to atrophy within the scrotum, but the scrotum does not slough off
emasculatome, aka closed castration
what form of analgesia is typically used in cattle for OB procedures or for the reduction of prolapses?
caudal epidural analgesia
____ are extra or accessory teats that can be occasionally found in ruminants
supernumerary teats
triple drip is made from
xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine
what is it called when the horn buds are removed before the horns begin to grow
disbudding
a ___ block involves placing a tourniquet on the limb and injecting local anesthetic IV distally
bier block
which tool used for castrations has the ability to crush and sever the spermatic cord simultaneously
emasculators
what is the most common location for caudal epidurals performed in cattle
first intercoccygeal space
banding or _____ is a castration method in which a rubber band is placed around the scrotum. necrosis and sloughing of the testicles and scrotum
elastrator
the ____ block desensitizes all layers of the flank, from the skin down to the peritoneum
paravertebral
cornuectomy is another name for
dehorning
this dehorning method is not highly reliable in completely killing the germinal tissue and often results in partial horn growths
chemical cautery
cattle are prone to __ and ___ during general anesthesia
bloat, regurgitation, hypoventilation, compartment syndrome
the two methods of intubating cattle are
palpation and direct visualization (long blade laryngoscope)
block used as an adjunct to the cornual nerve block in cases of cosmetic dehorning
ring block
____ can be used to help calm nervous cattle but the drug does not have strong tranquilizing effects
acepromazine
most procedures in cattle are performed in the __ position
standing
cattle should be allowed to recover in ___ recumbency whenever possible
sternal
tourniquets should not be left on longer than ___ as pain, swelling and tissue necrosis can begin to occur
2 hours
how long do caudal epidurals last (on average)
1-2 hours
the ____ block uses multiple nerve blocks in order to create a large region of flank anesthesia
paravertebral
how long do bier blocks last
as long as the tourniquet is in place
nerve block that requires the local anesthetic to be deposited in several layers and uses large volumes of local anesthetic
L block
proper padding and positioning must be applied during anesthetic procedures as cattle can develop ___ just like horses
compartment syndrome
2 main ways to approach the nerves used for a paravertebral block
a dorsal approach near the intervertebral foramina, and a lateral approach near the tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
the 3 methods of surgical dehorning
surgical saws, spoon dehorners, lever type ( barnes)
surgical saws dehorning method
circular skin incision is made around the base of the horn and then removing the horn and the horn base
tube or spoon dehorning method
handheld gouges are placed over the developing horn and are twisted in a circular motion to cut away the horn and horn base
lever type dehorning method
the barnes dehorner, handles held together while opening is placed over the horn and the horn base
what is the least expensive and least toxic local anesthetic used in cattle
lidocaine
regurgitation precautions
cuffed et tube, rapid intubation, withhold food/water properly, do not roll unless cuffed et tube
