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PARASITES Flashcards

1
Q

What are ectoparasites

A

Outside bugs

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2
Q

What are endoparasites

A

Inside worms

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3
Q

Breed in waterm cut into skin, crusts in bitten areas of the ears or head, protect with repellent

A

Black flies

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4
Q

Feed on any warm blooded animal, horses legs and belly, worst in mid summer, breed in manure or decaying plants, prevent with sanitation

A

Stable flies

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5
Q

Feed on mucus or watery secretions around eyes and nose, prevent with fly mask

A

Face flies

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6
Q

Bad during summer, breed near water, feed on mammals, painful bit, prevent with reppelent, cuts into skin

A

Deer flies

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7
Q

Breed near waterm painful bites vector for EIA, hard to control

A

Horse flies

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8
Q

Sucks on blood, control by draining water do not leave lights on, vector for EEE, WEE, WNV

A

Mosquito

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9
Q

Pierce skin, scabs on midline, becoming resistant to sprays

A

Horn fly

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10
Q

Biting and sucking, lay eggs close to skin, horse will look poorly groomed

A

Lice

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11
Q

Very irritating, spread by poor grooming implements, hair loss, identify under microscope

A

Mites

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12
Q

Eggs laid on the hair but do not bite
Larvae emerge when horses mouth contacts egg
Invade mouth tissues and attach to dorsal part of stomach
Can look like colic
Passed in manure in late winter early spring
Turn into flies

A

Bots

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13
Q

Adults attach near ileocecal junction
Heavy infections cause inflammation
Soil mites
Egg passed in feces and then ingested by soil mites
Mites to horse

A

Tape worm

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14
Q

Passed from mare to foal in milk
Free living larvae and can penetrate skin
Mirgrate through the lungs and get coughed up
Adults live in SI
Cause cause diarrhea, diagnosed by fecal egg count
Foals

A

Threadworms

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15
Q

Large white worm
Affects foals
Causes pot belly, anorexia, coughing, pneumonia
Large masses can obstruct bile duct and intestines
Remain in soil for years
Immunity can develop

A

Ascarids (round worm)

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16
Q

Fecal oral transmission
Lives in LI and anus
Female worm migrates out of anus and lays eggs on skin
Causes itching and rubbing
Spread by grooming and eggs on objects
Species specific

A

Pinworms

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17
Q

Aka bloodworms
Once the leading cause of colic
Destructive worms that migrate to various organs and damage tissues as they go
Diarrhea, depression, GI issues
Cut tissue, suck blood, nutrient loss, liver damage, blood clots in bowels, colic
Can be in water vapor

A

Large Strongyles

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18
Q

Less harmful
Focus of today
Smaller and take smaller bites, no tissue migration beyond guy
Very common in horses on pasture
Diarrhea, emancipation, colic, subclinical infections
Found in manure
Crawl on grass from eggs

A

Small Strongyles

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19
Q

Natures most perfect home for horses and parasites

A

Pastue

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20
Q

Not a good environment for small Strongyles
Ascarid eggs stick to walks, floors and buckets
Pinworms stick to surfaces horses rub on

A

Stalls

21
Q

Not a good environment for small Strongyles
Ascarid eggs in soil for years

A

Dirt paddocks

22
Q

Which parasites effect foals

A

Ascarids and threadworms
(Maybe bots and small Strongyles)

23
Q

Adult horse parasites

A

Large Strongyles, small, bots, pinworms, tape worms,

24
Q

Drug resistance reported for what two parasites

A

Small Strongyles and Ascarids

25
Q

Broad spectrum
Not bots or tapeworms
For parasites in gut
Wide safety
2x does

A

Fenbendazole (panacur, safeguard)

26
Q

Macrocyclic lactose’s

A

Ivermectin, moxidectin

27
Q

Broad spectrum
Not tapes
Wide safety

A

Ivermectin

28
Q

Broad spectrum
Not tapes
Effective against SS
Can cause massive die off or colic
Originally kept horses from shedding eggs

A

Moxidectin

29
Q

Used for tapeworms!
Combined with ivermectin and moxi

A

Praziquantel

30
Q

Broad spectrum NOT bots
Kills tapeworms at 2x does
Active for gut not tissue

A

Pyrantel (strongid)

31
Q

Identify parasites in feces for Ascarids, threadworms, tapeworms

A

Fecal egg count

32
Q

Reduces selection pressure for resistance, resistance to the best drugs is developing in SS, we must slow this down
Pros:
Problem horses identified, cost savings
Cons:
Fecal egg counts may cost a lot more than dewormer

A

Strategic deworming

33
Q

The proportion of a population of parasites that escape the selection by the anthelmintic

A

Refugia

34
Q

Ivermectin, moxidectin

A

Strongyles

35
Q

Fenbendazole, pyrantel

A

Ascarids

36
Q

Praziquantel, pyrantel

A

Tapes

37
Q

Ivermectin, Fenbendazole

A

Pinworms

38
Q

Ivermectin,oxibendazole

A

Threadworms

39
Q

Ivermectin, moxidectin

A

Bots

40
Q

Deworm 1-2 times a year, fall early spring
Only deworm with 500 plus epg start with fecal

A

Adults 3+

41
Q

Ascarid control for 6-8 months
Fenbendazole, pyrantel, oxibendazole
Double dose, small Strongyles count

A

Foals and weans

42
Q

Expect to have high strongly egg shedders
Receive 3-2 treatments

A

Yearlings to 2 years

43
Q

Put youngest horses on cleanest pasture, remove manure, dragging and mowing in summer, reset pastures, use hay for 1 year, avoid putting foals in Same pastures

A

Pasture manage

44
Q

True or false
Modern parasite control requires regular treatment following a rotation of drugs

A

False

45
Q

True or false
Most adult horses can go without deworming and still keep their strongyl counts low

A

True

46
Q

True or false
Small Strongyles cannot consume nutrients and will die when they run out of stored reserves

A

True

47
Q

When is the best time of year to drag manure to reduce parasite transmission

A

Summer

48
Q

Testing and treating only high egg shedders is what

A

Small Strongyles control method

49
Q

Composting foals manure before spreading onto pasture is what method

A

Ascarid control

ASC (3 decks)

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