PARASITES

Question 1

What are ectoparasites

Answer 1

Outside bugs

Question 2

What are endoparasites

Answer 2

Inside worms

Question 3

Breed in waterm cut into skin, crusts in bitten areas of the ears or head, protect with repellent

Answer 3

Black flies

Question 4

Feed on any warm blooded animal, horses legs and belly, worst in mid summer, breed in manure or decaying plants, prevent with sanitation

Answer 4

Stable flies

Question 5

Feed on mucus or watery secretions around eyes and nose, prevent with fly mask

Answer 5

Face flies

Question 6

Bad during summer, breed near water, feed on mammals, painful bit, prevent with reppelent, cuts into skin

Answer 6

Deer flies

Question 7

Breed near waterm painful bites vector for EIA, hard to control

Answer 7

Horse flies

Question 8

Sucks on blood, control by draining water do not leave lights on, vector for EEE, WEE, WNV

Answer 8

Mosquito

Question 9

Pierce skin, scabs on midline, becoming resistant to sprays

Answer 9

Horn fly

Question 10

Biting and sucking, lay eggs close to skin, horse will look poorly groomed

Answer 10

Lice

Question 11

Very irritating, spread by poor grooming implements, hair loss, identify under microscope

Answer 11

Mites

Question 12

Eggs laid on the hair but do not bite
Larvae emerge when horses mouth contacts egg
Invade mouth tissues and attach to dorsal part of stomach
Can look like colic
Passed in manure in late winter early spring
Turn into flies

Answer 12

Bots

Question 13

Adults attach near ileocecal junction
Heavy infections cause inflammation
Soil mites
Egg passed in feces and then ingested by soil mites
Mites to horse

Answer 13

Tape worm

Question 14

Passed from mare to foal in milk
Free living larvae and can penetrate skin
Mirgrate through the lungs and get coughed up
Adults live in SI
Cause cause diarrhea, diagnosed by fecal egg count
Foals

Answer 14

Threadworms

Question 15

Large white worm
Affects foals
Causes pot belly, anorexia, coughing, pneumonia
Large masses can obstruct bile duct and intestines
Remain in soil for years
Immunity can develop

Answer 15

Ascarids (round worm)

Question 16

Fecal oral transmission
Lives in LI and anus
Female worm migrates out of anus and lays eggs on skin
Causes itching and rubbing
Spread by grooming and eggs on objects
Species specific

Answer 16

Pinworms

Question 17

Aka bloodworms
Once the leading cause of colic
Destructive worms that migrate to various organs and damage tissues as they go
Diarrhea, depression, GI issues
Cut tissue, suck blood, nutrient loss, liver damage, blood clots in bowels, colic
Can be in water vapor

Answer 17

Large Strongyles

Question 18

Less harmful
Focus of today
Smaller and take smaller bites, no tissue migration beyond guy
Very common in horses on pasture
Diarrhea, emancipation, colic, subclinical infections
Found in manure
Crawl on grass from eggs

Answer 18

Small Strongyles

Question 19

Natures most perfect home for horses and parasites

Answer 19

Pastue

Question 20

Not a good environment for small Strongyles
Ascarid eggs stick to walks, floors and buckets
Pinworms stick to surfaces horses rub on

Answer 20

Stalls

Question 21

Not a good environment for small Strongyles
Ascarid eggs in soil for years

Answer 21

Dirt paddocks

Question 22

Which parasites effect foals

Answer 22

Ascarids and threadworms
(Maybe bots and small Strongyles)

Question 23

Adult horse parasites

Answer 23

Large Strongyles, small, bots, pinworms, tape worms,

Question 24

Drug resistance reported for what two parasites

Answer 24

Small Strongyles and Ascarids

Question 25

Broad spectrum Not bots or tapeworms For parasites in gut Wide safety 2x does

Answer 25

Fenbendazole (panacur, safeguard)

Question 26

Macrocyclic lactose’s

Answer 26

Ivermectin, moxidectin

Question 27

Broad spectrum Not tapes Wide safety

Answer 27

Ivermectin

Question 28

Broad spectrum Not tapes Effective against SS Can cause massive die off or colic Originally kept horses from shedding eggs

Answer 28

Moxidectin

Question 29

Used for tapeworms! Combined with ivermectin and moxi

Answer 29

Praziquantel

Question 30

Broad spectrum NOT bots Kills tapeworms at 2x does Active for gut not tissue

Answer 30

Pyrantel (strongid)

Question 31

Identify parasites in feces for Ascarids, threadworms, tapeworms

Answer 31

Fecal egg count

Question 32

Reduces selection pressure for resistance, resistance to the best drugs is developing in SS, we must slow this down Pros: Problem horses identified, cost savings Cons: Fecal egg counts may cost a lot more than dewormer

Answer 32

Strategic deworming

Question 33

The proportion of a population of parasites that escape the selection by the anthelmintic

Answer 33

Refugia

Question 34

Ivermectin, moxidectin

Answer 34

Strongyles

Question 35

Fenbendazole, pyrantel

Answer 35

Ascarids

Question 36

Praziquantel, pyrantel

Answer 36

Tapes

Question 37

Ivermectin, Fenbendazole

Answer 37

Pinworms

Question 38

Ivermectin,oxibendazole

Answer 38

Threadworms

Question 39

Ivermectin, moxidectin

Answer 39

Bots

Question 40

Deworm 1-2 times a year, fall early spring Only deworm with 500 plus epg start with fecal

Answer 40

Adults 3+

Question 41

Ascarid control for 6-8 months Fenbendazole, pyrantel, oxibendazole Double dose, small Strongyles count

Answer 41

Foals and weans

Question 42

Expect to have high strongly egg shedders Receive 3-2 treatments

Answer 42

Yearlings to 2 years

Question 43

Put youngest horses on cleanest pasture, remove manure, dragging and mowing in summer, reset pastures, use hay for 1 year, avoid putting foals in Same pastures

Answer 43

Pasture manage

Question 44

True or false Modern parasite control requires regular treatment following a rotation of drugs

Answer 44

False

Question 45

True or false Most adult horses can go without deworming and still keep their strongyl counts low

Answer 45

True

Question 46

True or false Small Strongyles cannot consume nutrients and will die when they run out of stored reserves

Answer 46

True

Question 47

When is the best time of year to drag manure to reduce parasite transmission

Answer 47

Summer

Question 48

Testing and treating only high egg shedders is what

Answer 48

Small Strongyles control method

Question 49

Composting foals manure before spreading onto pasture is what method

Answer 49

Ascarid control