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ASC > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Types of diseases

A

Communicable
Vector borne
Infectious

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2
Q

Vector and resivor of EEE, WEE, VEE

A

Mosquito and birds
VEE: resivoir is other horses

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3
Q

Sleeping sickness
Fever
Loss of coordination
Head pressing
Circling

A

EEE

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4
Q

Vaccine given in spring but peak season is July to September
Must vaccine every year
Avoid exposure to mosquito

A

EEE prevention

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5
Q

West Nile vector and reservoir

A

Mosquitoes and birds

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6
Q

Loss of coordination
Muscle twitches
Wearing
Falling down
Prognosis is better than EEE

A

West Nile

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7
Q

Vaccine available in spring peak season in July to sept
Immunity for a year
3 types (killed, recombinant, inactivated)

A

WNV prevention

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8
Q

Caused by bacteria that produces toxin that causes this

A

Tetanus

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9
Q

Lock jaw
Present in soil
Thrives in closed wounds (anaerobic)
Sawhorse stance
Paralysis
Convulsions
Sensitive to noise
Stiff

A

Tetanus

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10
Q

Usually die from respiratory failure
Vaccine available
Immune system neautralizes the toxin
Give annually

A

Tetanus prevention

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11
Q

To product protective antibodies

A

Toxoid

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12
Q

Antibodies given directly to unvaccinated, accompanied by tetanus toxoid

A

Antitoxin

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13
Q

Caused by bacteria
Present in soil and decaying material
Grows in closed wounds-anaerobic
Dead rodents baled along with hay’
Produces multiple toxins

A

Botulism

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14
Q

Weakness tremors
Respiratory paralysis
Inability to swallow
For foals they cannot suckle, shaker foal syndrome

A

Botulism signs

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15
Q

Vaccine available, give as series and then annually, 4-6 weeks prior to foaling for foals

A

Botulism prevention

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16
Q

Caused by virus, hydrophobia, vectors are other animals, transmitted by bitting from other animals, fatal

A

Rabies

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17
Q

Fever
Depression, excess salivation, paralysis, excitement, too late to prevent

A

Rabies signs

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18
Q

Vaccine available, must be by vet

A

Rabies prevention

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19
Q

Caused by lentivirus
Many similarities to aids/hiv
Attacks immune system
Hides
Body cannot rid itself
No vaccine or cure

A

EIA

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20
Q

Acute: Fever, depression, pale membranes, red blood cell destructions
Chronic: cycles resembling a cut, weight loss
In apparent carrier: appears healthy
May carry virus for years
Can elapse to chronic state

A

EIA signs

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21
Q

Virus spread by horse flies and they bite other horse

A

EIA transmission

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22
Q

Antibody testing, Coggins or ELISA, need to travel

A

EIA testing

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23
Q

Fever, nasal discharge, depression, muscle pain, cough, can be bacteria or virus, lack of appetite

A

Respiratory disease symptoms

24
Q

Caused by virus
Highly contagious
Sneezing
Cough
Infects mucus membranes, nasal passages, eyes

A

Flu

25
Q

Quarantine sick horses
Aerosol transmission
Soap and water are effective at killing virus
Avoid sex
Vaccinate

A

Flu prevention

26
Q

Caused by virus
Primal ray a respiratory disease
Effects foals
Abortion in mares
Neurological
Avoid mechanical transmission

A

Rhino

27
Q

What is rhino also called

A

Herpes, EHV 1 and 4

28
Q

Respiratory signs
Abolitions
Inflammation that comprises blood brain barrier
Neurological

A

Rhino signs

29
Q

Vaccinate pregnant mares, rec horses and performance horses

A

Rhino prevention

30
Q

Also called distemper
Bacteria
Nasal discharge
Highly contagious
Horse to horse
Fever
Swollen lymp nodes
Fever
Nasal drip

A

Strangles

31
Q

Rest in warm dry stall
Hot compress
Flush abscesses with iodine solution
Antibiotic

A

Strangles treatment

32
Q

Hygiene, bio security
Quarientine
Control flies
Clean
Test for negative nasal swab
Vaccines not highly effective

A

Strangles prevention

33
Q

Disease of GI tract
Bacteria lives in aquatic parasites, snails etc
Fever
Depression
Laminitis
Colic
Diarrhea

A

Potomac horse fever

34
Q

Supportive care and fluids

A

Treatment

35
Q

Vaccine is questionable

A

Prevention for Potomac horse fever

36
Q

What is not a form of a disease caused by EHV

A

Diarrhea

37
Q

What form of EIA causes the lowest virus level in blood

A

In apparent carrier

38
Q

How long should you rest a horse after it has the flu

A

3 weeks

39
Q

What last longer passive or active

A

Active

40
Q

True or false: cleaning with detergent may revoke as much as 90% of infections agents

A

True

41
Q

Which has a stronger antibody response

A

Booster of vaccine

42
Q

What should you clean with

A

Clean organic matter with inactive disinfectants, clean with detergent

43
Q

Lack or response to the pathogen

A

Resistance

44
Q

At risk for infection

A

Susceptible

45
Q

Protected against disease
Antibodies
Not absolute

A

Host = immune

46
Q

Short lived
Naturally acquired by colostrum
Artificially by antitoxin injections

A

Passive immunity

47
Q

Long term
Stimulates a better response from immune system
Naturally acquired from natural infection including symptoms
Artificially by vaccine

A

Active immunity

48
Q

Various isotopes
Targets surface antigens and surround the infected cell marking destruction

A

Antibody

49
Q

Lethal hit death of target cell
Limits viral replication

A

CMI; Cytotoxic Iymphocytes

50
Q

Pathogen mixed with adjuvant
Adjuvant stimulates stronger response than you would get from killed pathogen alone

Pros: safe, convention for storage
Cons: less complete response than with natural infected, need to boost

A

Killed (inactivated)

51
Q

Mild of weakened form of pathogen

Pros: longer lasting, more complete stimulation of immunity, can be effective against new strains
Best mimic in natural infection
Cons: reversion, viability must be maintained, difficult to store

A

Modified live

52
Q

Gene encoding pathogen proteins inserted into a safe virus , response is similar to Modified live

Pros: longer lasting, more complete stimulation of immunity, less likely to cause disease
Cons: less effective against new strains, costs are high

A

Recombinant/ vectored

53
Q

Allows body to recognize foreign proteins

A

Primary response

54
Q

Takes advanced of memory, stronger response

A

Secondary response

55
Q

Core vaccines

A

Tetanus, WEE, EEE, rabies, west Nile

56
Q

Not all animals in a herd need to be immune to prevent an outbreak, if a disease organism is introduced it will to get far, unvaccinated animals can be potentially be protected by this

A

Herd immunity

57
Q

What remains the most cost effective for prevention of disease

A

Vaccines

ASC (3 decks)

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