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Micro 5 > Parasite/Protozoan Inf of GI > Flashcards

Parasite/Protozoan Inf of GI Flashcards

1
Q

four classes of protozoa and what these classes are based on:

A
  • based on motility
  • Ameba-pseudopodia (big bags of jelly that lul them selves around
  • Flagellates-flagella (whips it around)
  • Sporozoans-gliding (like a tank)
  • Ciliates-cilia (all the cilia surround organism and work together to move)
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2
Q

most protozoa reproduce via:

A

asexual - binary fission

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3
Q

Some sporozoans can reproduce via:

A

asexually via SCHIZOGONY, and / or sexually via SPOROGOY.

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4
Q

what do protozoans do protect them from the environment and aid in transmission:

A

produce cysts - dormant resting form with carb or protein shell=infectious form

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5
Q

Entamoeba histolytica causes

A

Amebiasis - ameba and cyst form

  • intestinal or brain, liver, w/e
  • flask shaped lesions
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6
Q

clinical manifestations of Entamoeba histolytica

A
  • asymptomatic colonization
  • intestinal-dysentary
  • extraintestinal-abcesses
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7
Q

Amebiasis-Entamoeba histolytica- trasnmission:

A
  • fecal-oral –> ingestion of cysts
  • Trophozoites will not survive in environment or gastric acidity, so they are not infectious.
  • Symptomatic (these people mostly pass trophozoites in poop) vs. Asymptomatic (these people tend to pass cysts)
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8
Q

Amebiasis-Entamoeba histolytica- intestinal disease:

A

Gastrointestinal distress
95-100 % of symptomatic patients will present visible or microscopic blood in their stool (dysentery). Unlike bacterial dysentery, fever is rare.
-FEVER IS RARE (Bacterial dysentary HAS FEVER.)

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9
Q

Amebiasis-Entamoeba histolytica - Invasive disease

A
  • if it leaks into blood stream after it passes through colon wall = FEVER and inc WBC, etc..
  • Penetration of intestinal wall by trophozoites.= FLASK SHAPED lesion
  • Spread via bloodstream=Liver Abscess-abdominal pain, fever, WBC
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10
Q

Amebiasis-Entamoeba histolytica - liver invasion symptoms:

A 
fever
abd tenderness
hepatomegally
WL
more common in men
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11
Q

Amebiasis-Entamoeba histolytica - diagnosis and control/prevention

A
  • —Diagnosis
  • Stool Examination (Intestinal)
  • Biopsy and Serology (Extra-intestinal)
  • —Control /Prevention
  • Sanitation / Hygiene
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12
Q

stool type and Amebiasis-Entamoeba histolytica

A

formed stool usually has cysts and the more watery it gets has more trophs

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13
Q

Giardiasis-Giardia lamblia

A
  • cyst and flagellated form
  • stingray shapped appearance
  • binary fission - lines small intestine
  • poop out trophs and cysts
  • has a suction cup thing but it doesnt INVADE
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14
Q

Giardia lamblia causes and incidence

A

Giardiasis

  • in kids less than 20yrs
  • summer/fall time is more common
  • contaminated water - pools, lakes, beaches
  • sometimes drinking water
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15
Q

Giardia lamblia - symptoms

A
  • diarrhea
  • no blood
  • no fever
  • annorexia
  • smelly and GREASY poop (cant absorb fats bc malabsorption issue with organism lining intestines
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16
Q

Giardiasis-Giardia lamblia transmission:

A
  • Fecal-oral transmission
  • Ingestion of cysts (contaminated water) (SWIMMING POOL)
  • Untreated / improperly treated drinking water
  • Recreational exposure
  • Peaks early summer to late fall
  • Outbreaks in day care centers
  • Kids and care givers
  • Symptomatic (shedding trophs) vs. asymptomatic (shedding cysts)
  • Animal reservoirs probably exist
17
Q

Giardiasis-Giardia lamblia intestinal disease:

A
  • Sudden onset
  • Diarrhea-foul smelling, greasy, floating
  • Cramping, bloating, gas
  • NO BLOOD
  • No fever
  • Infected individuals can shed hundreds of millions (100,000,000) of cyst per day ! SHEDS IN CYCLES - DEPENDS ON THE DAY — TAKE MULT SAMPLES MULT DAYS
18
Q

Giardiasis-Giardia lamblia diagnosis

A

observing cysts in formed stools, or trophozoites in diarrheal stools.

19
Q

Giardiasis-Giardia lamblia result of chronic disease:

A

malnutrition

20
Q

Giardiasis-Giardia lamblia - prevention/ control

A
  • Sanitation / Hygiene

- Water treatment / filtration when hiking etc.

21
Q

5 other flagelates and which cause disease?

A 
Dientamoeba fragilis, -- ONLY ONE ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE
Chilomastix mesnii, 
Trichomonas hominis, 
Enteromonas hominis,
Retortamonas intestinalis
22
Q

Balantidium coli causes & special note

A

Balantidiasis - only cillated protozoan that affects humans

23
Q

Balantidium coli - Balantidiasis details/transmission/chronic disease/acute:

A
  • Only infection of man caused by a ciliate.
  • Fecal oral transmission, frequently from pigs.
  • Trophozoites in lumen, or may be invasive.
  • Generally asymptomatic.
  • Chronic disease=Diarrhea (BLOOD) & Constipation
  • Acute disease (invasion)= Diarrhea w/ blood and mucus-(similar to amebic dysentery)
24
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum causes

A

Cryptosporidiosis

25
Q

Cryptosporidiosis-Cryptosporidium parvum

A
  • sexual reproduction - oocyst = infectious agent
  • attaches to intestinal epithelium
  • complicated lifecycle
  • livestock can spread this too - cattle
  • more common in other countries
  • diarrheal disease
  • issue with immunodef or HIV/AIDS patients
26
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum identified by

A

modified acid fast stain

27
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum - transmission

A
  • Transmission - fecal / oral
  • Ingestion of infectious oocysts.
  • Peaks in early summer to early fall
  • Community swimming pools ?
28
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum - intestinal disease

A
  • Profuse watery diarrhea accompanied by cramping, fatigue, and weight loss.
  • No blood.
  • Generally self-limiting (1-2 weeks) but can be prolonged, severe and fatal in the immuno-compromised.
29
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum diagnosis and control/prevention

A
  • Diagnosis: Detection of acid-fast oocyst in stool.

- Control / Prevention-Proper sanitation and water treatment.

30
Q

SLIDE 49

A

SLIDE 49

31
Q

Isospora belli

A
  • elongated oocysts
  • sporozoan
  • immunodef problem
32
Q

Isospora belli symptoms in reg vs immunodef/AIDS patient:

A

REG: Fever, diarrhea, weight loss.
AIDS: Watery diarrhea, Malabsorption, Weight loss, Electrolyte imbalance, DEATH

33
Q

Cyclospora - details

A
  • oocysts
  • First recognized as a human pathogen less than 20 years ago.
  • Disease is similar to cryptosporidiosis
  • Profuse watery diarrhea
  • Cramping, fatigue, weight loss
  • Prolonged (weeks)

-Disease in AIDS patients is generally more severe and of a longer duration.

34
Q

Cyclospora - diagnosis

A

Oocysts fluorescent under UV light !!!

35
Q

Microsporidiosis - Microsporidia

A
  • Obligate intracellular parasites
  • Encephalitozoon, Enterocytozoon, Nosema, and Pleistophora
  • Primitive eukaryotes
  • World wide distribution
  • Infection is by ingestion of spores
  • Organisms may cause intestinal disease or disseminate throughout the body.
  • Most of what we know about disease in man is due to the increased occurrence in AIDS patients.
  • immunodef people get this commonlly
36
Q

Microsporidiosis - Microsporidia - intestinal disease

A

Chronic debilitating diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss. 10-20 stools/ day.

37
Q

Microsporidiosis - Microsporidia - extraintestinal disease

A
  • most common = spread to eye –> Keratoconjunctivitis is frequently seen as an early indicator of dissemination.
  • Symptomology is dependent on organ system involved.

Micro 5 (5 decks)

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