Paraneoplastic Syndromes and Tumour Markers Flashcards
Give examples of some paraneoplastic syndromes
SIADH
Cushings Syndrome
Hypercalcaemia
Peripheral neuropathy
In which cancers can SIADH be seen?
SCLC
Pancreatic cancer
Lymphomas
What causes SIADH?
Excess ADH release
How does SIADH present?
Fatigue
Headache
Confusion
Seizure
How is SIADH managed?
Fluid restrict
Demeclocycline
In what cancers can Cushing’s syndrome be seen
SCLC
NSCLC
Pancreatic cancer
What causes Cushing’s syndrome?
Excess production of ACTH precursors
How does Cushing’s syndrome present?
Rapid onset weakness
Hyperpigmentation
Metabolic disturbance
How is Cushing’s syndrome treated?
Depend on cancer
Bilateral adrenalectomy OR
Metyrapone
What cancers can cause hypercalcaemia?
NSCLC
Head and neck cancers
Renal tumours
What causes hypercalcaemia in these cancers?
PTHrP produced - humoral hypercalcaemia
Tumour release calcium
How does hypercalcaemia present?
Rapid onset nausea
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Arrhythmia
How is hypercalcaemia managed?
Hydrate
What cancers cause peripheral neuropathy?
SCLC Myeloma Hodgkins Breast GI
How do cancers cause peripheral neuropathy?
Autoimmune axonal degeneration/demyelination
How does peripheral neuropathy present and how is it treated?
Depend on type and site
Steroids
What is PSA associated with?
Prostatic carcinoma
What is AFP associated with?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Teratoma
What is CEA associated with?
Colorectal cancer
What is S100 associated with?
Melanoma
Schwannoma
What is Bombesin a tumour marker for?
SCLC
Gastric cancer
Neuroblastoma
Pancreatic
What is CA 125 associated with?
Ovarian Cancer
What is CA 19-9 associated with?
Pancreatic Cancer
What is CA 15-3 associated with?
Breast Cancer
