paramphistomatidosis, dicrocoeliosis, schistomatidosis, alariosis, opisthorchiosis Flashcards
what species can u find rumen fluke?
in grazing domestic and wild ruminants worldwide
veterinary significance rumen fluke
high in tropical and subtropical climate areas
mention some rumen fluke species
- Paramphistomum ichikawai
- P. leydeni
- P. cervi
- Calicophoron ( syn. Paramphistomum daubney)
- C. microbothrioides
- C. microbothrium
mention some predominant rumen flike species in Europe
- Paramphistomum ichikawai
- P. leydeni
- P. cervi
- calicophoron daubneyi
rumen fluke, adults, site, egg
Adults: 6-12 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, pink reddish, conical not flat.
Site: rumen, reticulum
Egg: like F hepatica but colourless, a bit larger and very resistant
rumen fluke cycle
( paramphistomosis)
life cycle : indirect
intermediate host: freshwater or amphibious snail
MI–>SPO–>RE–>CE
infection rumen fluke
( paramphistomosis)
- infected per os
- immatures–> duodenum, abomasum –> rumen, reticulum
rumen fluke ( paramphistomosis)
PP
3-4 months, in lambs 40- 50 days
rumen fluke ( paramphistomosis)
pathogenesis, clinical signs
acute or intestinal paramphistomatidosis: tissue destruction, inflammation, local haemorrhages, necrosis, diahrrhoea, weigh loss.
chronic or rumen paramphistomatidosis: no symptoms
diagnosis and treatment
rumen fluke ( paramphistomosis)
DIAGNOSIS:
acute form:
- no eggs, juvenil flukes in faeces
chronic form:
- faceal egg count, look at the color of egg can be simular to F. hepatica
TREATMENT:
Actue form:
- stop grazing on infected pasture
- niclosamide, albendazole
Chronic form:
- addult flukes are more difficult to remove
- oxyckizanide, closantel
Dicrocoeliosis
Lanceolate fluke disease
small liver fluke
- worldwide in grazing animals, hare, rarely pig, horse, human
- veterinarian significance: moderate
Dicrocoeliosis
Lanceolate fluke disease
small liver fluke
is caused by
- Dicrocoelium dendriticum ( syn D. lanceolatum) lancet or small liver fluke
- Dicrocoelium hospes in tropical regions
Dicrocoeliosis
Lanceolate fluke disease
small liver fluke
adult, site, egg
adult : 8-12 mm, lancet shape,pied, integumentum without spines, brown uterus and white vitellaria,
site: bile ducts, gall blatter
egg: 40-48 um , oval dark brown, thick shelled with operculum, contains miracidium, inside two germinal cells
Dicrocoeliosis
Lanceolate fluke disease
small liver fluke
lifecycle, hosts
lifecycle: indirect
host: 2 intermediate hosts
- terrestrial snails
- ants
MI –> SPO1 –> SPO2 –> CE
(metacaria in ants)
per os infection, rare in humans but can happen
Dicrocoeliosis
Lanceolate fluke disease
small liver fluke
PP
7-9 weeks
Dicrocoeliosis
Lanceolate fluke disease
small liver fluke
pathogenesis
clinical signs
pathogenesis:
thickening of bile duct wall, oedema, cholangitis, cirrhosis, fibrosis
clinical signs:
rarely anemia, oedema
Dicrocoeliosis
Lanceolate fluke disease
small liver fluke
treatment
in heavier infections only (benzimidazoles at higher doses)
albendazole, praziquantel
- they usually dont bother to treat
heavily infected livers are not suitable for human consumptions
schistomatidosis ( bilharziosis)
blood fluke disease
distribution
veterinary significance
a chronic and lethal tropical disease
distribution: tropical and subtropical zones
veterinary significance: low
schistomatidosis ( bilharziosis)
blood fluke disease
caused by
-Schistosoma bovis
-Schistosoma mattheei
-Schistosoma japonicum
-Schistosoma mansoni
-Schistosoma haematoboium
schistosoma bovis
Schistosoma bovis:
- cattle, sheep, pig, goat, camles, horses, monekeys ( man)
- africa, middle east, asia, south europe
- portal and mesenteric veins
Schistosoma mattheei:
Schistosoma mattheei:
- domestic and wild ruminants, zebra, monkeys , man
- south and central africa, middle east
- intestinal, hepatic and bladder veins
schistosoma japonicum
- most domestic and wild animals, man
- south and east asia
- portal and mesenteric vein
schistosoma mansoni
- man
- tropical africa, south america
- intestinal schistosomosis
schistosoma haematobium
- man
- tropical africa, middle east
- urinary or bladder schistosomosis
( eggs was found in mumies from 13th centuries B.C)
schistomatidosis ( bilharziosis)
blood fluke disease
adult, longevity, eggs
adult: 0,5-3 cm long,
- thread like in shape,
-sexual dimorphism,
-male is broad and flat, thin shred like and a bit longer is female.
longevity: many years ( 20-30 in humans)
eggs:
-130- 280 um in size,
- spindle shaped or spiny
- contain miracidium when passed out in faeces or urine
schistomatidosis ( bilharziosis)
blood fluke disease
host, lifecycle, pp, infection, infective stage
life cycle: indirect
intermediate host: water snails
pp: 30-40 days
infection: percutan or per os
infective stage: furcocercaria
MI–> SPO1–> SPO2–> CE
schistomatidosis ( bilharziosis)
blood fluke disease
Pathogenesis
pathogenesis:
- eggs enter lumen of excretory organs
50% –> passed out of body
50% –> trapped in tissues, carried away by blood circulation, lymph
schistomatidosis ( bilharziosis)
blood fluke disease
clinical signs
3 distinct syndromes
Cercarial dematitis:
- rash, schistome or swimmer itch
Acute schistostomiosis:
- katayama fever ( fever, urticaria, malaise, diarrhea)
chronic schistostomiosis:
- caused by eggs travelling in body
- trapped eggs –> granulomatous inflammatory immune response
Opisthorchiosis
cat liver fluke
host, caused by
hosts: fish consuming carnivores and man
caused by : Opisthorchis felineus, cat liver fluke
Opisthorchiosis
cat liver fluke
adult, site, eggs
adult: 8-13 mm long, lancet shape
site: bile ducts, gallbladdder ( duct of pancreas)
eggs: oval, 16- 30 um, inside miracidium
Opisthorchiosis
cat liver fluke
lifecycle, pp, pathogenesis, treatment
life cycle: indirect with water snails
pp: 3-4 weeks
pathogenesis: cholangio- carcinoma
treatment: praziquantel
MI –> SPO –> RE –> CE
alariosis
country
-europe, asia and america
- temperate climate
- not coommon in dogs and cats, but in wild carnivores
alariosis
caused by
Alaria alata
alaria mariciane (cats)
alaria canis
alariosis
site, egg
site: small intestine
egg: 98-134 * 62-68 um, brownish, operculum inside zygote
alariosis
life cycle
indirect with 2 intermediate hosts
snails- cercaria
tadpoles, frogs - mesocercaria
MI–>SPO–>RE1–>RE2–>CE –> MCE
