Parameters

Question 1

acoustic intensity

Answer 1

the amplitude (height) of the wave

Question 2

period

Answer 2

the time needed to complete a single oscillation cycle from peak to peak

Question 3

acoustic frequency

Answer 3

1/period (period=time of single oscillation peak-to-peak)

Question 4

stimulus duration

Answer 4

the total duration of a single sonication stimulus

duration can be pulsed (with pauses included) or continuous

Question 5

burst duration

Answer 5

period of acoustic sonication from start to end of a single oscillation
also called tone-burst duration or pulse duration
in pulsed paradigms only

Question 6

burst repetition period

Answer 6

the period between the starting point of two consecutive sonications; or the sum of 1 burst duration and 1 pause between consecutive burst durations sonications

Question 7

pulse repetition frequency

Answer 7

a measure of how many individual pulses are occurring per second. pulses occur within bursts.
(1/burst repetition period)

Question 8

duty cycle

Answer 8

the amount of time per second that is covered by actual pulses
DC=1 for continuous
(burst duration/burst repetition period)

Question 9

cycles per burst

Answer 9

number of cycles that occur in a single burst

acoustic frequency x burst duration

Question 10

number of pulses

Answer 10

how many pulses are occurring per second times the total number of seconds
(pulse repetition frequency x stimulus duration)

Question 11

Isppa

Answer 11

intensity, spatial peak pulse average (W/cm2)

the average intensity of an individual pulse

Question 12

Ispta

Answer 12

intensity, spatial peak temporal average (mW/cm2)

intensity averaged over the total experimental time, including inter-stimulus intervals

Question 13

FDA guideline for Isppa

Answer 13

less than 190 W/cm2

Question 14

FDA guideline for Ispta

Answer 14

less than 720 mW/cm2

Question 15

FDA guideline for mechanical index

Answer 15

less than 1.9

Question 16

mechanical index

Answer 16

description of non-thermal mechanical bioeffects

Question 17

Focus at .5 MHz?

Answer 17

about 3 mm

Question 18

Peak instantaneous pressure

Answer 18

MPa, megapascals

Question 19

ARF

Answer 19

acoustic radiation force

the result of tissue removing momentum from the wave resulting in force on the tissue

Question 20

acoustic cavitation

Answer 20

the generation of spaces and bubbles within tissue due to the tensile phase of an acoustic wave exceeding a threshold.
the threshold depends on peak negative pressure, frequency, and duration, as well as tissue properties

Question 21

Ispba

Answer 21

spatial-peak, burst average (W/cm2)

intensity averaged over 1 burst including spaces between individual pulses