Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paramedic Drugs > Paramedic Drugs > Flashcards

Paramedic Drugs Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® EMT flashcards NREMT® Paramedic flashcards
1
Q

Fentanyl - Indications

A
  • Moderate to severe pain
  • Anxiety with CPO
  • Agitation, pain or SOB with end of life care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fentanyl - Contraindications

A
  • Known severe allergy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fentanyl - cautions

A
  • ALOC
  • Age <1
  • Respiratory depression
  • Labour
  • Concurrent administration of other opiates
  • Age greater or equal to 75
  • Signs of shock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mechanism of action of Fentanyl

A

Fentanyl is an opiate analgesic, it is an opiate agonist (or stimulator) that binds to opiate receptors in the brain and spinal cord causing analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Route of fentanyl

A
  • IV, IM, IN, SC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Doses of fentanyl

A
  • IV 10-50mcg every 5 minutes using a lower dose in the range if the pt is frail or signs of shock
  • IN as per paediatric drug table every 20 minutes up to 3 doses
  • IM / SC 50-100mcg every 20 minutes up to 3 doses halving if pt frail or shocked
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Side effects of fentanyl

A
  • Respiratory depression
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
  • Sedation
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Itch
  • Euphoria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Indications for ketamine

A
  • Severe pain that has not been adequately controlled with an opiate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contraindications for ketamine

A
  • Known severe allergy
  • Aged < 1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cautions of ketamine

A
  • ALOC
  • Signs of shock
  • Current myocardial ischaemia
  • Concurrent administration of opiates
  • Aged greater or equal to 75
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mechanism of action of ketamine

A
  • Ketamine has complex actions but is predominantly an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (blocker) resulting in inhibition of excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
  • Low doses cause analgesia, large doses cause amnesia and dissociation and high doses cause anaesthesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Route of ketamine

A
  • IV
  • IM
  • PO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dose of ketamine

A
  • IV 0.25mg/kg max of 25mg over approximately 15 minutes repeat as required
  • IM or PO 0.5mg/kg max of 50mg repeated once after 20 minutes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Side effects of ketamine

A
  • Transient hypertension
  • Tachycardia
  • Apnoea
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Sedation
  • Hallucinations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Indications of Lignocaine 1%

A
  • SC for prophylaxis of pain associated with IV
  • SC for digital ring block for analgesia when transport is less than 60 minutes or ropivacaine is not available
  • IO for significant bone pain associated with IO administration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contraindications of Lignocaine

A
  • Known severe allergy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cautions of Lignocaine

A
  • Taking an anticoagulant (Ring Block)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mechanism of action of Lignocaine

A
  • Lignocaine is local anaesthetic
  • Lignocaine blocks the initiation and transmission of nerve impulses by blocking the movement of sodium ions across the nerve cell membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Route of lignocaine

A
  • SC
  • IO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dose of lignocaine

A
  • SC Max dose of 200mg may be repeated once after 30 minutes
  • IO 50mg for adult repeated once after 15 minutes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Side effects of Lignocaine

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Indications for Midazolam

A
  • Prolonged seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Contraindications of Midazolam

A
  • Known severe allergy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cautions of Midazolam

A
  • ALOC
  • Respiratory depression
  • Concurrent administration of other opiates
  • Age greater or equal to 75
  • Signs of shock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Mechanism of action of Midazolam

A
  • Midazolam is a benzodiazepine
  • Midazolam enhances the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at GABA receptors within the CNS resulting in anticonvulsant activity, sedation, amnesia, anxiolytics and muscle relaxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Route of Midazolam

A
  • IV
  • IM
27
Q

Dose of Midazolam

A
  • IV 5mg reduced to 3 if pt is frail repeating once after 5 minutes
  • IM 10mg reduced to 5mg if frail repeating once every 10 minutes
28
Q

Side effects of Midazolam

A
  • Sedation
  • Respiratory depression
  • Hypotension
  • Amnesia
29
Q

Indications of Ondansetron

A
  • clinically significant Nausea or Vomiting
30
Q

Contraindications of ondansetron

A
  • Known severe allergy
  • Age < 1
31
Q

Cautions of Ondansetron

A

None

32
Q

Mechanism of action of Ondansetron

A
  • Ondansetron is a antiemetic
  • Ondansetron antagonises (blocks) serotonin receptors centrally in the brain and peripherally in the GI tract resulting in reduction of nausea and vomiting
33
Q

Route of Ondansetron

A
  • IV
  • IM
34
Q

Dose of Ondansetron

A
  • IV 8mg in addition to 1 IM dose totally 12mg max
  • IM 4mg can be repeated after 20 minutes
35
Q

Indications of Tranexamic Acid

A
  • Postpartum haemorrhage
  • Hypovolaemia from uncontrolled bleeding
  • Any other form of bleeding severe enough to cause hypovolaemia requiring sodium chloride to the administered
36
Q

Contraindications of Tranexamic Acid

A
  • Known severe allergy
  • Trauma when TXA will be administered more than three hours after time of injury. this appears to increase mortality rates the cause of which is not clear
37
Q

Cautions of Tranexamic Acid

A
  • None
38
Q

Mechanism of action of Tranexamic Acid

A
  • TXA is a antifibrinolytic medicine. It blocks the conversion of plasminogen to plasma reducing fibrinolysis ( breakdown of blood clots) and bleeding
39
Q

Routes of Tranexamic Acid

A
  • IV
40
Q

Doses of Tranexamic Acid

A
  • 1g
41
Q

Side effects of TXA

A
  • None
42
Q

Indications for sodium valproate

A
  • Status epilepticcus that is not responsive to 2 doses of Midazolam
43
Q

Contraindications for sodium valproate

A
  • known severe allergy
44
Q

Cautions of sodium valproate

A

None

45
Q

Action of sodium valproate

A
  • Anticonvulsant, predominantly blocks sodium channels but also enhances the activity of GABA receptors in the CNS
46
Q

Route of sodium valproate

A

IV
IO - make sure the IO is not extraivasating prior to administration and it can cause tissue necrosis

47
Q

Dose of sodium valproate

A

1200mg for adult
Paediatric drug doses

48
Q

Side effects of sodium valproate

A

None

49
Q

Side effects of ondansetron

A

Headache
Flushing

50
Q

Indication of fluids

A
  • Shock
  • Hypovolemia
  • Crush injury
  • To Flush IV drugs
51
Q

Contraindications of fluids

A

-None

52
Q

Cautions of fluids

A
  • Cardiogenic shock,
  • CPO
53
Q

Actions of fluids

A
  • Expands intravascular volume and extracellular fluid volume
54
Q

Route of Fluids

A
  • IV
  • IO
55
Q

Dose of fluids

A
  • Uncontrolled bleeding 500ml repeat as needed
  • Controlled bleeding 500ml repeat as needed
  • Hyperglycaemia 1000ml / 1 hr
  • Cardiogenic Shock 250-500ml max 1L
  • Neurogenic shock 1000ml max
  • crush injury 2-3L Minimum of 2 L
  • Other as per CPG
56
Q

Side effects of fluids

A

-None

57
Q

Glucose Indications

A
  • Hypoglycaemia <3.5 if IV access can be obtained and PO not appropriate
58
Q

Glucose contraindications

A

-None

59
Q

Glucose Caution

A
  • None
60
Q

Glucose action

A
  • Increases blood glucose level in the blood
61
Q

Glucose route

A

IV

62
Q

Glucose dose

A
  • IV 100ml adult, 2ml/kg child
63
Q

Side effects of glucose

A
  • none

Paramedic Drugs (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions