Paragraph 2

Question 1

Paragraph 2 Points

Answer 1

Bystander effect.
Latane and Darley - 5 stage model of intervention.
Bystander intervention/diffusion of responsibility.
Latane and Darley.
Philpot et al.
Latane and Rodin.
Abbat et al.
Grietmeyer and Mugge
Cox et al
Despite much research…
Piliavin et al. - Bystander Calculus Model
Urban overload hypothesis
Amato
Levine et al.

Question 2

Bystander Effect

Answer 2

People are less likely to help if others present.
Effect increased if victim stranger/decreased if victim friend.

Question 3

Latane and Darley - 5 Stage Model of Intervention

Answer 3

People only intervene in bystander situations if they meet each stage and make decision to provide aid.

Question 4

Bystander intervention/diffusion of responsibility

Answer 4

Individual breaks their role of bystander to step in and help/responsibility is transferred to others in situation.

Question 5

Latane and Darley

Answer 5

The more people there were the less likely to help.

Question 6

Philpot et al.

Answer 6

9/10 public conflicts - at least one but usually more would help.

Question 7

Latane and Rodin

Answer 7

Pairs of individuals less likely to help - 40%.
70% chance of helping of alone.
If passing confederate suggested that situation was not critical helping dropped to 3%.

Question 8

Abbat et al.

Answer 8

Priming people helped to increase prosocial behaviour and effect remained when bystanders present.

Question 9

Greitmeyer and Mugge

Answer 9

Bystander effect present when only one helper required, reversed when many helpers required.

Question 10

Cox et al.

Answer 10

Individual differences influence bystander intervention - male and females received help equally but men more likely to help than women.

Question 11

Despite much research…

Answer 11

Does not provide a complete picture - fails to explain reasons why decisions are not made at each step, does not consider emotional factors or underlying reasons of why people help.

Question 12

Piliavin et al. - Bystander Calculus Model

Answer 12

Combines cognitive and physiological processes.
Weighing up costs and rewards of helping.
Not helping comes with costs - guilt/personal blame.

Question 13

Urban Overload Hypothesis

Answer 13

People living in cities less likely to help as they are bombarded with stimulation and need to keep to themselves to prevent becoming overloaded (Milgram).

Question 14

Amato

Answer 14

50% would help limping collapsed man in rural areas, 15% in cities.
Replicated in some countries, not all.

Question 15

Levine et al.

Answer 15

Population density more related to helping behaviour than population size.