Paragraph 1

Question 1

Paragraph 1 Points

Answer 1

The first part of this essay will…
The Biological Approach
The Learning Approach
The Social Exchange Theory
These 3 approaches…

Question 2

The first part of this essay will…

Answer 2

…explore biological and social approaches to explore when people are more likely to help or not.

Question 3

The Biological Approach

Answer 3

Encompasses role of altruism with regard to evolution - e.g behaviours that help genetic relative support natural selection.
Behaviours altruistic - acts which benefit other (one’s kin)
Burnstien et al. - in life/death situations people more like to help if victim is close relative.
Stevens et al. - cooperation biased towards relatives.

Question 4

The Learning Approach

Answer 4

Social norms - reciprocity, equality and social responsibility.
Giving instructions - but can be ineffective if behaviour is inconsistent with instructions.
Exposure to models (TV, Bryan and Test - 50% more likely to help change tyre).

Question 5

The Social Exchange Theory

Answer 5

People help when benefits outweigh costs of helping.
Self-interests.
Maximise rewards/minimise costs.
Time is biggest cost.
Altruism does not exist.
Costs dependent on individuals/may differ.

Question 6

These three approaches…

Answer 6

…go a long way in attempting to explain prosocial behaviours - research does not stop there.