Papillomaviridae & Polyomaviridae

Question 1

Describes proliferative, exophytic focus of epithelial thickening

Answer 1

Papilloma

Question 2

Described as “equine warts” in 9th century

Answer 2

Papillomaviridae

Question 3

Different types of papillomaviruses cause viral papillomas in different animal species. True or False?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Type of papilloma infection most common in cattle, some cervids, horses; less common in dogs, sheep; rare in cats

Answer 4

Cutaneous Papillomas (skin)

Question 5

Type of papilloma infection most frequent in young dogs & rabbits

Answer 5

Oral Papillomas

Question 6

Type of papilloma infection common in domestic livestock

Answer 6

Genital Papillomas

Question 7

The ability of papillomaviruses to
cause cancer was 1st demonstrated in what animal?

Answer 7

Rabbit

Question 8

Papillomavirus can cause human cervical carcinomas. True or False?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Papillomaviridae is subdivided into 3 groups, what are there?

Answer 9

1.) Papillomavirus-induced Papillomas (warts)
2.) Non-viral Papillomas
3.) Cutaneous Papillomas

Question 10

Genome type of Papillomaviridae

Answer 10

Single molecule circular double-stranded DNA

Question 11

There are how many genera under Papillomaviridae?

Answer 11

39 genera

Question 12

Papillomavirus are categorized according to? (2)

Answer 12

1.) Tissue Tropism
2.) Lesions

Question 13

Majority of Papillomaviruses only infect what type of cell?

Answer 13

Keratinocytes

Question 14

Majority of Papillomaviruses induce a ________ papilloma composed of _________ ______ epithelium.

Answer 14

squamous
thickened folded

Question 15

In ruminants, it infects and causes proliferation of both keratinocytes and underlying fibroblasts to produce fibropapillomas

Answer 15

Deltapapillomavirus

Question 16

Cause spontaneously-resolving cutaneous
or anogenital papillomas (warts)

Answer 16

(Mu or Nu) Low-risk Alpha Papillomavirus

Question 17

Cause anogenital or oral neoplasia

Answer 17

High-risk Alpha Papillomavirus

Question 18

Morphology of Papillomavirus (4)

Answer 18

1.) Non-enveloped
2.) Spherical
3.) Icosahedral Symmetry
4.) 72 hexavalent (6-sided) capsomers arranged in pentameric (5-sided) arrays

Question 19

Size of Papillomavirus

Answer 19

55nm in diameter

Question 20

What allows Papillomavirus to interact with basement membrane?

Answer 20

Microtrauma

Question 21

Papillomavirus cause acute infection by minimizing host immune reaction. True or False?

Answer 21

False

should be “chronic”

Question 22

1st host immune response to Papillomavirus infection

Answer 22

Antibodies are produced against virus

Question 23

2nd host immune response to Papillomavirus infection

Answer 23

Cell-mediated response is made against infected cells resulting in papilloma regression

Question 24

Is there a vaccine for Papillomavirus?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Diseases associated with Papillomavirus in cattle (4)

Answer 25

1.) bladder neoplasia (BPV-2) 2.) upper alimentary tract squamous cell carcinoma (BPV-4) 3.) squamous papilloma of upper alimentary tract (BPV-4) 4.) fibropapilloma and squamous papilloma of skin, teat, genitals, rostral oral cavity (BPV-1 to 13 except 4)

Question 26

Diseases associated with Papillomavirus in horse (4)

Answer 26

1.) sarcoid (BPV-1, 2, 13) 2.) aural plaques (EcPV-3 to 6) 3.) cutaneous squamous papilloma (EcPV-1) 4.) penile & preputial papilloma & squamous cell carcinoma (EcPV-2)

Question 27

Diseases associated with Papillomavirus in dogs (3)

Answer 27

1.) oral papillomas (CPV-1) 2.) cutaneous papilloma (CPV-2 & 6) 3.) cutaneous pigmented plaque (CPV-3, -4, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -14, -15, -16)

Question 28

Diseases associated with Papillomavirus in cats

Answer 28

Sarcoid (BPV-14) Cutaneous plaque, Bowenoid in situ carcinoma, Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (FcaPV-1 to 3)

Question 29

Diseases associated with Papillomavirus in sheep

Answer 29

cutaneous fibropapilloma (OaPV-1, 2) cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (OaPV-3)

Question 30

How many Bos taurus Papillomaviruses (BPVs) areidentified?

Answer 30

14

Question 31

What are the 4 genera of BPVs?

Answer 31

1.) Deltapapillomavirus 2.) Xipapillomavirus 3.) Epsilonpapillomavirus 4.) Dyoxipapillomavirus

Question 32

Viruses of Deltapapillomavirus (4)

Answer 32

BPV-1, -2, -13, -14

Question 33

Viruses of Xipapillomavirus (7)

Answer 33

BPV-3, -4, -6, -9, -10, -11, -12

Question 34

Viruses of Epsilonpapillomavirus (2)

Answer 34

BPV-5, -8

Question 35

Virus of Dyoxipapillomavirus

Answer 35

BPV-7

Question 36

Unique ability to infect epithelial & mesenchymal cells both of cattle and non-bovine species

Answer 36

Deltapapillomaviruses

Question 37

Transmission of Papillomaviruses

Answer 37

1.) Fomites (equipment, fences, posts contaminated by contact of affected cattle) 2.) Sexual (venereal warts) 3.) Milking

Question 38

2 subtypes of Papillomas (warts) in cattle

Answer 38

1.) Squamous Papillomas 2.) Fibropapillomas

Question 39

Subtype of Papillomas in cattle that develop in mucocutaneous except those caused by BPV-4, which develop in the caudal oral cavity, esophagus, rumen

Answer 39

Squamous Papillomas

Question 40

Subtype of Papillomas in cattle caused by BPV-1, -2, -5; common on udder, teats, head, neck, shoulders; may also occur in upper alimentary tract, vagina, vulva, penis, anus

Answer 40

Fibropapillomas

Question 41

Recognized for cell lines contaminated w/ simian vacuolating virus (SV40); cause cancer in rodents & neurological disease in lab primates

Answer 41

Polyomaviruses

Question 42

Animals used to propagate batches of original human polio vaccine (2)

Answer 42

1.) Rodents 2.) Primates

Question 43

Polyomavirus infects which species?

Answer 43

wide range of avian & mammalian species

Question 44

Majority of Polyomavirus infections occur without clinical consequence. True or False?

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Remarkable range of tissue tropism; cause neurologic, renal, skin diseases; infected birds develop acute, systemic, cytolytic disease; causative agent of uncommon but distinctive cancers of both humans & animals

Answer 45

Polyomavirus

Question 46

Polyomavirus infections in birds can be highly pathogenic. True or False?

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Avian Polyomaviruses (APyVs) constitute which distinct genus?

Answer 47

Avipolyomaviridae

Question 48

2 distinct genera of Mammalian Polyomaviruses

Answer 48

Orthopolyomaviridae Wukipolyomaviridae

Question 49

Genera of mammalian polyomavirus that includes just 2 human polyomaviruses

Answer 49

Wukipolyomaviridae

Question 50

Genera of mammalian polyomavirus that contains all known lab & nonhuman mammal polyomaviruses

Answer 50

Orthopolyomaviridae

Question 51

Type and morphology of Polyomaviruses genome

Answer 51

small circular double-stranded DNA encapsulated in icosahedral virions

Question 52

Virion size of Polyomaviruses

Answer 52

40-45nm

Question 53

Genome size of Polyomaviruses

Answer 53

~ 5kb

Question 54

Where do transcription of coding regions occur in Polyomaviruses?

Answer 54

on opposite DNA strands

Question 55

Neoplasms caused by Polyomavirus in wildlife

Answer 55

Neuroglial tumors (Raccoon Polyomavirus, RacPyV)

Question 56

Initially known as beak and feather disease polyomavirus; 1st APyV discovered; can cause feather dysplasia in primary wing & tail feathers; mortality rates up to 100%

Answer 56

Budgerigar fledgling disease polyomavirus