Herpesvirus

Question 1

Herpesvirales/Herpesvirus can infect which species of animals? (7)

Answer 1

1.) Insects
2.) Fish
3.) Reptiles
4.) Amphibians
5.) Mollusks
6.) Birds
7.) Mammals

Question 2

3 distinct families of Herpesvirales

Answer 2

1.) Herpesviridae
2.) Alloherpesviridae
3.) Malacoherpesviridae

Question 3

Herpesviridae can infect which species of animals? (3)

Answer 3

Mammals, Birds, Reptiles

Question 4

Alloherpesviridae can infect which species of animals? (2)

Answer 4

Fishes, Frogs

Question 5

Malacoherpesviridae can infect which species of animals?

Answer 5

Oysters (bivavle)

Question 6

Subfamilies of Herpesviridae (3)

Answer 6

1.) Alphaherpesvirinae
2.) Betaherpesvirinae
3.) Gammaherpesvirinae

Question 7

Herpesvirus is an enveloped DNA virus of medium size. True or False?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Virion size of Herpesvirus

Answer 8

~ 120-250nm

Question 9

Herpesvirus contains an icosahedral nucleocapsid composed of
162 capsomeres. True or False?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Type and size of genome of Herpesvirus

Answer 10

Linear double-stranded DNA, 125–290kbp in size

Question 11

Where do DNA replication and encapsidation occur in Herpesvirus?

Answer 11

Nucleus (specifically in Nuclear Membrane)

Question 12

How is the envelope of Herpesvirus acquired?

Answer 12

Budding thru inner layer of nuclear envelope

Question 13

Herpesvirus infection results in…

Answer 13

characteristic eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies

Question 14

Herpesvirus infection becomes latent with…

Answer 14

recrudescence & intermittent/continuous virus shedding

Question 15

Herpesvirus DNA genome is wrapped around a _______ _____-____ core, which has the shape of a _____ and appears to be suspended by fibrils.

Answer 15

fibrous spool-like
torus

Question 16

Layer of globular material surrounding the capsid of Herpesvirus

Answer 16

Tegument

Question 17

Tegument is enclosed by a typical ____-_______ ________ with numerous small ____________ ______.

Answer 17

lipo-protein envelope
glycoprotein spikes

Question 18

Entry and transmission of Herpesvirus

Answer 18

enters mucosal surfaces (oral, respiratory, genital) or skin wounds

Question 19

Dry warm environmental conditions promote extended survival of Herpesvirus. True or False?

Answer 19

False

should be “Cool moist”

Question 20

Windy conditions can promote aerosol transmission of Herpesvirus over longer distances. True or False?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Spread of Herpesvirus

Answer 21

enters local lymph nodes, spreads via blood (viremia) & nerves

Question 22

Target organs of Herpesvirus (4)

Answer 22

1.) Liver
2.) Spleen
3.) Lungs
4.) CNS (severe)

Question 23

Life long infection of host with restricted but recurrent virus replication

Answer 23

Latency

Question 24

Clinical features of Herpesvirus (4)

Answer 24

1.) localized lesions (skin, mucosal surfaces)
2.) often clinically silent
3.) [pregnant] transfer of virus across placenta, leading to abortion, with necrosis in several fetal organs
4.) latency

Question 25

Transmission of Herpesvirus (3)

Answer 25

1.) close contact (mucosal contact) 2.) [domestic animals] short-distance droplet spread (sneezing) 3.) [fishes] virus shed in water (in densely stocked ponds)

Question 26

Subfamily of Herpesviridae known for rapid replication cycles and latent infections of sensory ganglia, causing acute diseases; its hallmark is its capability to enter a latent state, evading immune system and reactivating under stress or immunosuppression

Answer 26

Alphaherpesvirinae

Question 27

Alphaherpesvirinae can infect which species of animals? (3)

Answer 27

1.) Mammals 2.) Birds 3.) Reptiles

Question 28

4 genera of Alphaherpesvirinae

Answer 28

1.) Simplexvirus 2.) Varicellovirus 3.) Mardivirus 4.) Itovirus

Question 29

Prototypic/Reference virus of Simplexvirus

Answer 29

Human Simplex Virus

Question 30

Prototypic/Reference virus of Varicellovirus

Answer 30

Pseudorabies Virus (pigs)

Question 31

Prototypic/Reference virus of Mardivirus

Answer 31

Marek’s Disease Virus (chickens)

Question 32

Prototypic/Reference virus of Itovirus

Answer 32

Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (chickens; rare in pheasant, peafowl, turkey)

Question 33

Most fatal virus in Alphaherpesvirinae, mainly affects swine, but horse, cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, and many feral species can be also infected

Answer 33

Pseudorabies Virus (PRV)

Question 34

Other names for Pseudorabies Virus (2)

Answer 34

Aujeszky's Disease Virus Suid Herpesvirus

Question 35

Transmission of Alphaherpesvirinae (3)

Answer 35

1.) saliva & nasal discharges (licking, biting, aerosol) 2.) contamination of feeds (secondary host) 3.) ingestion of infected carcasses (secondary host)

Question 36

Alphaherpesvirinae is shed in urine/feces and can cause transmission. True or False?

Answer 36

False not shed in urine/feces

Question 37

Clinical features of Alphaherpesvirinae in suckling pigs (6)

Answer 37

1.) high morbidity & mortality rates 2.) nervous signs (tremors, convulsions, paddling movements) 3.) respiratory signs (sneezing, coughing) 4.) fever 5.) gastrointestinal problems (constipation, vomiting, excess salivation) 6.) [6d old] moribund & die w/i 12hrs

Question 38

Clinical features of Alphaherpesvirinae in pregnant sows

Answer 38

Reproductive failure (abortion, stillbirth, weak piglets)

Question 39

Clinical features of Alphaherpesvirinae in secondary hosts specifically dogs & cats

Answer 39

fever, lethargy, hypersalivation, muscle stiffness, intense pruritus, behavioral changes, vomiting, diarrhea, respiratory distress

Question 40

Clinical features of Alphaherpesvirinae in secondary hosts specifically domestic ruminants

Answer 40

Similar CNS signs as seen in pigs, including incoordination & paralysis

Question 41

Subfamily of Herpesviridae that replicate slowly & produce enlarged cells “cytomegalovirus"; host range is narrow & inactive infections sequestered in cells of secretory glands, lymphoreticular organs, kidney; continuous virus excretion

Answer 41

Betaherpesvirinae

Question 42

4 genera of Betaherpesvirinae

Answer 42

1.) Cytomegalovirus 2.) Muromegalovirus 3.) Proboscivirus 4.) Roseolovirus

Question 43

Genera of Betaherpesvirinae that remains in body in latent; prevalent among wild rats, non-existent/rare in lab rats; affects salivary glands & other organs

Answer 43

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 44

Viruses of Betaherpesvirus (4)

Answer 44

1.) Murid Herpesvirus 1 2.) Murid Herpesvirus 2 3.) Elephant Herpesvirus (Endotheliotropic Elephant Herpesvirus) 4.) Suid Herpesvirus 2 (Porcine Cytomegalovirus Virus)

Question 45

Animal model of cytomegalovirus; contaminant of older mouse tumor lines

Answer 45

Murid Herpesvirus 1 (formerly mouse virus)

Question 46

Manifested as salivary gland inclusions and cytomegaly in guinea pigs

Answer 46

Caviidherpesvirus 2

Question 47

1st recognized in 1955 enzootic in swine herds worldwide; 90% of swine may carry the virus; associated w/ recent introduction of virus or poor nutrition, intercurrent disease; transmitted transplacentally & horizontally

Answer 47

Suid Herpesvirus 2 (Porcine Cytomegalovirus Virus)

Question 48

Infects lymphoid cells (lymphotropic), become latent in lymphocytes; narrow host; may enter lytic stage causing cell death w/o virions; latent infection occurs in lymphoid tissue

Answer 48

Gammaherpesvirinae

Question 49

4 genera of Gammaherpesvirinae

Answer 49

1.) Lymphocryptovirus 2.) Macavirus 3.) Percavirus 4.) Rhadinovirus

Question 50

Genera of Gammaherpesvirinae that is now classified under genus Percavirus

Answer 50

Rhadinovirus

Question 51

Virus classified under Gammaherpesvirinae that naturally infects wild cottontail rabbits, but its experimental infection of sylvilagus rabbit kits resulted in lymphoma (Oncogenic Herpesvirus)

Answer 51

Leporid Herpesvirus 1 (Herpes sylvilagus)

Question 52

Isolated from wild wood mouse, Rhadinovirus used to experimentally infect lab mice

Answer 52

Murid Herpesvirus 4

Question 53

Examples of viruses of primates under Rhadinovirus (2)

Answer 53

Herpesvirus saimiri Herpesvirus ateles

Question 54

T lymphocytotropic virus that causes subclinical latent infections in Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), but infection of New World monkeys (marmosets, tamarins, owl monkeys) is rapid & fatal lymphoproliferative

Answer 54

Herpesvirus saimiri (Saimiriine Herpesvirus 2)

Question 55

Prevention and control of Herpesvirus

Answer 55

Antiviral medications Hygiene practices