Papilloedema

Question 1

???

Answer 1

!!!

Question 2

what is papilloedema

Answer 2

swollen optic disc secondary to raised ICP

Question 3

if patient presents with bilateral optic disc swelling then suspect what?
-what CN is examined when looking at optic disk

Answer 3

space occupying lesion

-CNII, visual acuity, pupil exam, visual field assesment & colour vision

Question 4

pathophysiology of papilloedema (3)

Answer 4

sabarachnoid space around the optic nerve is continuous with the sas surrounding the brian
when ICP rises this is transmitted to the sas and the optic nerve
causes interruption of the axoplasmic flow & venous congestion = swollen disc

Question 5

consequences of raised ICP

Answer 5

cranial vault is rigid and can’t expand with increased ICP

brain can be squeezed through the foramen magnum which compresses the brain stem and causes reap arrest and death

Question 6

what change is seen in malignant hypertension

Answer 6

optic disk swelling, maybe due to breakdown of auto regulation

Question 7

name the 3 mechanisms by which raised ICP occurs

Answer 7

CSF circulation obstructed
overproduction of CSF
inadequate absorption

Question 8

idiopathic intracranial hypertension

-why does it occur

Answer 8

patients with a higher BMI

get stenosis of transverse cerebral sinuses and raised abdo pressure