papilloedema Flashcards
1
Q
what is it?
A
Papilloedema describes optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure. It is almost always bilateral.
2
Q
features on fundoscopy?
A
venous engorgement: usually the first sign
loss of venous pulsation: although many normal patients do not have normal pulsation
blurring of the optic disc margin
elevation of optic disc
loss of the optic cup
Paton’s lines: concentric/radial retinal lines cascading from the optic disc
3
Q
causes?
A
space-occupying lesion: neoplastic, vascular
malignant hypertension
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
hydrocephalus
hypercapnia
4
Q
rarer causes?
A
hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia
vitamin A toxicit
