Paper2: Forces - scalar/vector quantities, types of forces

Question 1

State examples of scalar quantities

Answer 1

Mass
Temperature
Speed
Energy
Distance
Time
Volume

Question 2

Define scalar quantity

Answer 2

A Scalar quantity is a physical quantity that has magnitude (size or amount) only, without any specific direction

Question 3

Explain why distance gives us no idea of the direction

Answer 3

Distance gives us no idea of the direction. This is because distance is a scalar quantity

Question 4

State examples of vector quantities

Answer 4

Displacement
Weight
Force
Velocity
Acceleration
Momentum
Electric field

Question 5

Define vector quantity

Answer 5

A vector quantity is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction

Question 6

Define displacement

Answer 6

Displacement is distance in a given direction

Question 7

Explain why displacement is a vector quantity

Answer 7

This is because displacement is distance in a given direction

Question 8

Give an example of a displacement measurement

Answer 8

500 m due West

Question 9

Give an example of a displacement measurement

Answer 9

500 m due West

Question 10

How can vector quantities be represented

Answer 10

Vector quantities can be represented using an arrow

Question 11

Define force

Answer 11

A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object due to the interaction
with another object.

Question 12

https://filestore.aqa.org.uk/sample-papers-and-mark-schemes/2021/november/AQA-84632H-QP-NOV21.PDF
question 7.1

What name is given to force A?

Answer 12

friction

Question 13

What does the length of the arrow and the direction represent for a vector quantitiy

Answer 13

The length of
the arrow represents the magnitude, and the direction of the arrow represents the direction of the vector quantity.

Question 14

The average speed of a car between the cameras and the average velocity of the car
between the cameras are different

Answer 14

velocity is a vector and speed is
a scalar
road is not straight
therefore direction changes so
the velocity changes

Question 15

What do all forces have

Answer 15

All forces have both magnitude (size) and direction
Forces - vector quantity

Question 16

State the two types of forces

Answer 16

Contact forces
Non-contact forces

Question 17

What is the unit of force

Answer 17

Newton (N)

Question 18

When do all forces occur/take place

Answer 18

All forces take place when two objects interact

Question 19

Define contact force

Answer 19

A contact force is a force that acts on objects only when the objects physically touch each other

Question 20

Define non-contact force

Answer 20

A non-contact force is a force that acts on objects that are physically separated

Question 21

Examples of contact forces

Answer 21

Tension (e.g. in a rope)
Friction
Air resistance
Normal contact force

Question 22

Examples of non-contact forces

Answer 22

Gravitational force (attracts all objects to other objects e.g. this force attracts the international space station to the earth and the earth to the space station)

Electrostatic force (the force between two charged objects - electrostatic forces of attraction and repulsion)

Magnetic force (the force experienced by certain objects in a magnetic field)

Question 23

Describe how tension in a rope is created

Answer 23

The force of tension is pulling on the soldier

Question 24

Explain the role of friction in an aeroplane landing on the water

Answer 24

The force of friction is acting between the water and the aeroplane.
This causes the aeroplane to slow down and come to a stop

Question 25

Define friction

Answer 25

Friction is a resistive force that slows things down and tries to stop objects sliding past each other

Question 26

In which direction does friction act

Answer 26

Friction always acts in the opposite direction to which an object is trying to move

Question 27

Define air resistance

Answer 27

Air resistance is friction caused by movement through air

Question 28

Define upthrust

Answer 28

Upthrust is the upward force acting on an object. which is caused by the water around that object

Question 29

Explain the role of air resistance acting on the skydiver

Answer 29

As the skydiver falls through the air, air particles collide with the parachute. This causes the force of air resistance to act upwards

Question 30

Define drag

Answer 30

The friction caused by an object moving through a liquid (E.G. water) is known as drag

Question 31

Label the forces acting on the moving fish

Answer 31

_____upthrust
*
|
thrust<— fish ->friction
|
*
__________weight

Question 32

Label the forces acting on a boat

Answer 32

upthrust acting upwards
air resistance acting in the opposite direction to thrust
Weight acting downwards
Friction acting between the water and the boat

Question 33

Explain the role of the normal contact force
E.g. a lamp on a table

Answer 33

The lamp is exerting a downward force on the table. This force is weight
At the same time, the table is exerting an upward force on the lamp
This force is called the normal contact force

Question 34

When can the normal contact force only occur

Answer 34

The normal contact force can only happen if the two objects are in direct contact

Question 35

Swimmers practise diving to the bottom of the swimming pool to pick up the
diving brick.

Explain why the forces on the brick at the bottom of the pool cause the brick to be
stationary.

Answer 35

upthrust acts (upwards on the
brick)

normal contact force acts
upwards (on the brick)

weight is equal to upthrust plus
normal contact force