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edexcel igcse religious studies > paper two: the religious community > Flashcards

paper two: the religious community Flashcards

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1
Q

570 CE

A

the year that Muhammad was born

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2
Q

Adam

A

the first man and the first prophet of Allah

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3
Q

Adhan/Azaan

A

the call to prayer

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4
Q

Akhirah

A

life after death

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5
Q

al-Fatihah

A

1st chapter of the Qur’an

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6
Q

Al-Imanul Mufassal

A

the statement of faith

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7
Q

Al-Janna

A

Paradise/heaven

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8
Q

Allah

A

the arabic word for God

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9
Q

Al-Mi’raj

A

the ascent

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10
Q

Al-Qadr

A

Pre-destination

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11
Q

‘Asr

A

prayer from late afternoon until just before sunset

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12
Q

Azra’il

A

angel of death

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13
Q

Omni-benevolent

A

all loving

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14
Q

Da’wa

A

the invitation to others to follow the way to Islam

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15
Q

Dawud

A

David, the prophet to whom the book of Psalms was given

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16
Q

Dhikr

A

Having Allah in one’s heart

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17
Q

Dome

A

roof of the mosque, painted to represent the sky/heavens

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18
Q

Eid-ul-Fitr

A

Festival celebrating the end of Ramadan

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19
Q

Fajr

A

prayer from dawn until just before sunrise

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20
Q

Fard

A

obligatory

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21
Q

Fatwa

A

a legal ruling by a pious, just and knowledgeable Muslim scholar or jurist, based on the Qur’an

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22
Q

Ghust

A

full ablution before various rituals and prayers

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23
Q

greater jihad

A

when a muslim makes a personal effort

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24
Q

hadith

A

report of the prophet’s words or actions

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25
Q

hadith qudsi

A

sacred hadith

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26
Q

hafiz

A

a person who knows the Qur’an by heart

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27
Q

Hafsah

A

woman who kept the qur’an - wife of prohet Muhammad

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28
Q

hajj

A

the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, which each Muslim must (if possible) take once in their lifetime.

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29
Q

hajjah

A

a musluim woman who has completed the hajj

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30
Q

hajji

A

a muslim man who has completed the hajj

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31
Q

halal

A

any action or thing which is permitted or lawful

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32
Q

haram

A

any action or thing which is not permitted lawful

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33
Q

hidden Imam

A

shi’a belief in a final Imam leader hidden by God and who will return on the day of judgement

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34
Q

hijab

A

veil, worn by women who are required to cover everything except face and hands

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35
Q

hijrah

A

migration of muhammed from makkah to madinah in 622 CE

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36
Q

‘ibadah

A

acts of worship performed with the intention of obeying Allah

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37
Q

Ibrahim

A

Abraham, the prophet to whom the scrolls were given

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38
Q

Id-ul-Adha

A

feast during hajj

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39
Q

iftar

A

food tht breaks the fast after sunset

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40
Q

imam

A

the person who leads the congregation in prayer

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41
Q

Iman

A

faith

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42
Q

Infaq

A

economic principle for the distribution of wealth

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43
Q

Injil

A

gospels

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44
Q

Iqra

A

recite

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45
Q

Isa

A

Jesus, the prophet of Allah, born of the virgin Maryam

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46
Q

‘Isha

A

Prayer from night until midnight or dawn

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47
Q

Islam

A

submission to the will of Allah

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48
Q

Islamophobia

A

prejudice against, hatred or fear of Islam or Muslims

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49
Q

Isra

A

Muhammad’s miraculous journey from Mecca to Jerusalem

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50
Q

Israfil

A

angel who calls all souls on Yawmuddin

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51
Q

Jahannam

A

one name for hell in arabic

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52
Q

Jamrah

A

pillars stoned on the hajj

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53
Q

Jibril

A

angel Gabriel, the angel who delivered Allah’s messages to His prophets

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54
Q

Jihad

A

personal indiviual struggle against evil in the way of Allah

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55
Q

Jinn

A

the soul inside nature such as rocks and trees

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56
Q

Jumu’ah

A

congregation/assembly

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57
Q

Ka’bah

A

a cube shaped structre in the centre of Mecca, which Muslims pray towards

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58
Q

Khalifah

A

Representative of Allah

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59
Q

Khatib

A

speaker

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60
Q

Khutbah

A

sermons

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61
Q

Khadijah

A

the first wife of prophet Muhammed

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62
Q

Laylat-ul-Qadr

A

Night of Power when the first revelation of the Qur’an was made to the prophet Muhammad

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63
Q

Lesser Jihad

A

fighting to protect Islam

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64
Q

Madinah

A

the second most holy city in Islam. the city of the first Muslim community and the burial place of Muhammad.

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65
Q

Maghrib

A

prayer after sunset until daylight ends

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66
Q

Mahr

A

dowry

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67
Q

Makkah

A

city where the prophet Muhammad was born, the capital of Saudi Arabia and where the Ka’ba is located

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68
Q

Makruh

A

not forbidden but discouraged

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69
Q

Mala’ikah

A

angel

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70
Q

mandub

A

recommended actions

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71
Q

Masjid

A

mosque, place of prostration

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72
Q

Mihrab

A

an alcove which indicates the Qiblah wall

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73
Q

minaret

A

tower of the muezzin calls Muslim to prayer

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74
Q

Minbar

A

the steps where the Imam leads the congregation in prayer/delivers a sermon, he stands at the middle as to not replace Allah

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75
Q

mubah

A

permissible actions, neither rewarded nor punished

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76
Q

musa

A

moses, the prophet of Allah to whom the Tawrah was given

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77
Q

muslim

A

one who claims to have accepted Islam by professing the Shahadah

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78
Q

nabi

A

prophet sent without a revelation

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79
Q

nikah

A

marriage contract

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80
Q

niyyah

A

rightful intention

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81
Q

nuh

A

noah

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82
Q

nur

A

divine light

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83
Q

omnipotent

A

all powerful

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84
Q

omnipresent

A

every present

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85
Q

omniscient

A

all knowing

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86
Q

qadi

A

judge

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87
Q

qiblah

A

the direction which Muslims face when performing the Salah

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88
Q

qisas

A

an eye for an eye penalties

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89
Q

qur’an

A

the Muslim holy book, Muslims regard it to be the exact word of God

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90
Q

rasul

A

prophet sent with a revelation

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91
Q

riba

A

lending money at interest - forbidden

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92
Q

ridda/irtidad

A

apostasy/ giving up on Islam

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93
Q

rightly guided caliphs

A

the four successors of Muhammad who lead the Ummah in Sunni Islam

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94
Q

sadaqah

A

additional voluntary payments to Zakah, - loving charity

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95
Q

salaam

A

peace

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96
Q

Salaam Alaykum

A

may peace be with you

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97
Q

salah

A

prescribed communication with, and worship of Allah; the five daily times of Salah are fixed by Allah

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98
Q

salat-ut-juma’ah

A

midday prayers on a Friday for men

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99
Q

sawm

A

fasting from dawn to sunset, abstinence from all food, drink or smoking

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100
Q

seal of the prophets

A

the Muslim belief that Muhammad is the last prophet sent by God who perfects all previous revelations

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101
Q

shahadah

A

declaration of faith, “there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”

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102
Q

sharia

A

muslim law

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103
Q

shi’a

A

branch of Islam.

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104
Q

shirk

A

association. the greatest sin a muslim can commit - regarding anything to be equal to Allah

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105
Q

suhur

A

extra meal eaten before first light

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106
Q

sunnah

A

example of the prophet Muhammad - found in the Hadith

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107
Q

sunni

A

branch of Islam

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108
Q

surah

A

divisions/chapters of the Qur’an (114 in total)

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109
Q

taqwa

A

awareness/love and fear of god

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110
Q

tarawih

A

special prayer in Ramadan

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111
Q

tasbih

A

prayer beads

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112
Q

tawhid

A

the belief in the oneness and unity of Allah

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113
Q

tawrah

A

the Torah, a book given to Musa

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114
Q

topi

A

small hat worn by men during prayer

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115
Q

Ummah

A

world-wide community of muslims, the nation of Islam

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116
Q

wajib

A

necessary

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117
Q

walimah

A

party after marriage

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118
Q

Yawmuddin

A

day of judgement

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119
Q

zakah

A

alms giving/purification of wealth

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120
Q

zakat-ul-fitr

A

additional payments at the end of Ramadan

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121
Q

zuhr

A

prayer after midday until afternoon

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122
Q

what do parents do the moment of birth

A

speak the words of the Adan into the right ear of the baby. this is so the call to serve Allah is present from the start of the child’s life.

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123
Q

what is aqiqah

A

the ceremony on the seventh day after birth

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124
Q

what happens on Aqiqah

A

the child’s head is shaved, it is part of the naming ceremony

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125
Q

what does the shaving of the head on Aqiqah symbolise

A

the cleansing of the baby from impurities and the start of its life afresh in the presence of Allah.

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126
Q

what may be sacrificed on Aqiqah

A

a sheep or a goat

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127
Q

what is weighed on Aqiqah

A

the shaved hair of the baby, and the equivalent weight in silver or gold is given to charity

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128
Q

what is the baby given a taste of on Aqiqah

A

honey to reflect the sweetness of the qur’an

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129
Q

what is circumcision considered equivalent to

A

a sacrifice to allah

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130
Q

what does circumcision symbolise

A

the continuing of tradition by Muslims, and following the example of Ibrahim.

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131
Q

what is the intention of marriage for muslims

A

to worship allah
for the mutual love and support
for the conception and raising of children
to support a stable society

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132
Q

where are marriage celebratios held

A

bride’s home, led by a respected member of the muslim community.

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133
Q

what is included in a muslim marriage ceremony

A

mahr (gift to the bride)
reading from the qur’an
exchange of vows and rings

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134
Q

what must happen at a sunni wedding, that does not have to be done at a shia wedding

A

two men must witness the marriage contract

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135
Q

what should happen as a person dies

A

they should say the Shahadah if they can

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136
Q

what happens immediatly after death

A

the body is washed three times by relatives of the same gender as the deceased, and it is wrapped in white cloth. the body is then taken to an outdoor location, sometimes near a mosque, where muslims will stand and offer prayers for the forgiveness and find peace.

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137
Q

when is the body buried

A

as soon as possible after death

138
Q

how is the body buried

A

laid on it’s side, with three mounds of soil under the head, the chin and the shoulder. the head faces towards makkah

139
Q

what do muslims believe about the afterlife?

A

that they enter an intermediate phase in the grave, waiting for Yawmuddin when Allah will raise the body.

140
Q

what do muslims believe will happen on the day of judgement

A

all people will be judged by allah and have their good and bad deeds wieghed up.
those who can cross the bridge over hell (sirat) carrying their book of life wil enter paradise and gain eternal happiness, or else fall into hell forever.

141
Q

arafat

A

mount of mercy

142
Q

umrah

A

pilgrimage during rest of year

143
Q

ihram

A

white clothing (to erase social hierachy during the hajj)

144
Q

niyyah

A

intention to do the spiritual journey

145
Q

tawaf

A

circling the kaaba 7 times

146
Q

malaikah

A

belief in angels

147
Q

kutub

A

belief in holy books

148
Q

nubuwwah

A

belief in the prophets

149
Q

6 key beliefs of sunni islam

A 
tawhid
malaikah
kutub
nubuwwah
akhirah
al-qadr
150
Q

adl

A

divine justice

151
Q

imamah

A

authority of the imams

152
Q

mi’ad

A

day of resurrection

153
Q

who decided the five key beliefs for shi’a islam

A

early shi’a leaders

154
Q

what are the five key beliefs for shi’a muslims often reffered to

A

the five roots of Usul ad-Din

155
Q

5 key beliefs for shi’a islam

A 
tawhid - oneness of allah
adl - divine justice
nubuwwah - prophethood
imamah - leadership (who muslims should follow)
mi'ad - day of resurrection
156
Q

give qualities about the angels in islam

A 
made from light
no free will
tell allah about the behaviour of humans
limitless
invisible but can reveal themselves
157
Q

give a quote about the angels

A

“they exalt him night and day and do not slacken”

158
Q

who is angel jibril

A

bringer of good news.
mentioned in qur’an and hadith.
revealed the words of allah to muhammed on the night of power, and is therefore known as the angel of revelation.
present on day of judgement

159
Q

who is angel mika’il

A

friend to humanity.
angel of mercy.
giver of rain, and helps to provide food for the people.
present on day of judgement

160
Q

who is angel izra-il

A

the angel of death, who takes the souls from bodies when people die

161
Q

who is angel israfil

A

the angel who will be present on day of resurrection.

will blow the trumpet to announce the day of judgement.

162
Q

who are angels munkar and nakir

A

the angels responsible for questioning the soul of a person who has died.

163
Q

which angels sit on muslims shoulders

A

al-kiram and al-katibun

164
Q

why do muslims have angels on their shoulders

A

one of them records the good things the person has done and the other records the bad things the person has done. allah will judge them off of this when deciding whether they are worth of paradise.

165
Q

how is al-qadr linked to the siz beliefs of sunni islam

A

it shows that allah is omniscient, and omnipotent

166
Q

does Ali speak of al-qadr

A

yes in the hadith:
“there is not one amongst you who has not been allotted his seat in paradise or hell. they said: allah’s messenger, then why should we perform good deeds, why not depend upon our destiny? thereupon he said, no, do good deeds, for everyone is facilitated in that for which he has been created.”

167
Q

why is al-qadr a key belief in shia islam

A

shia muslims believe nothing can happen without the will of allah

168
Q

evidence of al-qadr in the qur’an

A

“the lord has created and balanced all things and has fixed theri destinies and guided them.”

169
Q

why is free will essential in islam

A

because lif is a test from Allah, so all humans must make theri own decisions, and they will ebe judged on those decisions by Allah on Yawmuddin.

170
Q

free will in the qur’an

A

“whoever does righeousness - it is for hus (own) soul; and whoever does evil (does so) against it. and your lord is not ever unjust to (his) servants.”

171
Q

what might a muslim say meaning free will

A

insha’allah (if god is willing/if god wills it so

172
Q

what do muslims believe about time of death

A

“no soul may die except with god’s permission at a predestined time”

173
Q

barzakh

A

where souls wait before Yawmuddin, and divides the living from the dead

174
Q

how is heaven described in the qur’an

A

as a beautiful garden, “gardens of pleasure”

175
Q

how does a muslim get to heaven

A

living religiously, asking allah for forgiveness, and showing good actions in their life.

176
Q

Muslims belive heaven has levels how do they work

A

around 7/many, and each heaven is made of a different material with a different prophet living in every level.

177
Q

1st level of islam

A

made of silver and adam and eve live there

178
Q

how is hell described in islam

A

a place of fire and torment, place of scorching fire pits and boiling water.

179
Q

some muslims believe that even the souls in hell can eventually…

A

be sent to paradise if they have any goodness in them.

180
Q

shahadah pillar

A

muslim declaratio of faith, all muslims know the words of the shahada and it is repeated multiple times during the day

181
Q

salah pillar

A

prayer. compulsory for muslims to pray five times a day

182
Q

zakah pillar

A

(charitable giving) encourages generosity and compassion

183
Q

sawm pillar

A

obligation to fast during ramadan. teaches muslims self-discipline, which brings them closer to allah.

184
Q

hajj pillar

A

pilgrimage to makkah. compulsory for muslims to make the trip at least once in their lifetime, as long as they are fit and healthy and can afford to go

185
Q

sunni muslims and the five pillars

A

the pillars keep the faith strong, so sunni muslims try to keep all five to make them better muslims and support the religion fully.

186
Q

shia muslims and the five pillars

A

they add futher duties. these, along with four of the five pillars are called the ten obligatory acts

187
Q

what are the words of the shahada

A

“there is no god but allah, and muhammed is his messenger”

188
Q

when is the shahada recited in important events

A

repeated during salah
recited in the adhan
whispered to newborn babies. muslim parents aim for these to be the first words a newborn baby hears.
muslims aim for it to be the last words they hear or say before they die

189
Q

why is salah important

A

it allows muslims to communicate with allah, listen to allah, and follow in the footsteps of the prohets.

190
Q

when does the qur’an say to pray 5 times a day

A

“establish prayer at the decline of the sun (from its meridian) until the darkness of the night (and also) the qur’an of dawn. indeed, the recitation of dawn is ever witnessed.

191
Q

what 5 things must muslims do when praying

A 
perform wudu
pray five times a day at set times
face makka
perform certain actions which include standing, bowing, prostrating and sitting. 
recite in arabic
192
Q

what are the five times a day a muslim should pray

A 
fajr
zuhr
asr
maghrib
isha
193
Q

why do Muslims follow the pillar of zakah

A

they believe it is their duty to ensure that allah’s wealth has been distributed equally as everyone is the same and was created equally.

194
Q

what does zakah mean

A

‘that which purifies’

195
Q

why is zakah so important

A

muslims can cleanse their wealth. it is importnat that muslims do not get attached to unnecessary things such as money and possessions. islam teaches that focussing on wealth and material possessions doees not make a good muslim

196
Q

how much do muslims give to charity

A

2.5% of earnings ad then futhur donations

197
Q

how is the giver of zakah in islam rewarded

A

they will receive back 100 times what they gave as zakah during their life in the afterlife

198
Q

how do muslims donate their money

A

in a mosque or other charity

199
Q

limitations of zakah

A 
it can only be used for
helping the poor
helping people in need
freeing prisoners, slaves or captives
helping people out of debt
200
Q

what does the qur’an say about zakah

A

“cancel not your charity by reminders of your generosity or injury - like those who spend their wealth to be seen of men, but believe in neither allah nor in the last day. they are in a parable like a hard, barren rock, on which is a little soil: on it falls heavy rain, which leaves it (just) a bare stone”

201
Q

when does sawm happen

A

during Ramadan in the ninth month of the lunar calendar. it gets 11 days earlier each year.

202
Q

why is ramadan special

A

it is believed to b ethe month in which muhammed began to recieve revelations of the qu’ran

203
Q

what happens during ramadan

A

muslims give up food, liquid, smoking and sexual activity during daylight.

204
Q

what does the qur’an say about fasting

A

“O you who believe! fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you, that you may (learn) self restraint

205
Q

which muslims are not expected to fast

A 
children who have not reached puberty
women who are mensutrating
women who are pregnant or breastfeeding
people who are physically unwell.
the elderly
206
Q

if a muslim misses a day of ramadan what should they do

A

make it up at the end or donate some extra money to charity.

207
Q

when does the hajj happen

A

12th month of the lunar calendar

208
Q

where is makkah

A

saudi arabia, where the prohet muhammed was born and had his first revelation from allah

209
Q

zamzam

A

a well where muslims can drink water on the hajj

210
Q

wuquf

A

asking allah for forgiveness at mount arafat

211
Q

sa’y

A

walking between al-safa and al-marwa hills 7 times

212
Q

what 7 things must a muslim do on the hajj

A 
wear ihram
walk around the ka'bah 7 times
walk quickly between the hills
visit mina for midday prayers
stand at arafat from noon until sunset
collect pebbles from muzdalifah
stone the pillars in mina
celebrate id-ul adha
213
Q

what are the ten obligatory acts for shia muslims

A 
salah
sawm
zakah
hajj
jihad
khums
amr-bil-maroof
nahil anril munkar
tawalia
tabarra
214
Q

khums

A

20% annual tax. this is paid on any profit earned by muslims. the money is split between charities supporting islamic education and anyone descended from muhammed who is in need.

215
Q

amr-bil-maroof

A

encouraging people to do what is good. “enjoy what is right and forbid what is wrong” maruf is anything that has been approved in shariah law.

216
Q

nahil anril munkar

A

forbidding evil by discouraging people from doing what is wrong

217
Q

tawalia

A

showing love. this includes both love for god and love for those who follow him.

218
Q

tabarra

A

disassociation. shi’a muslims should not associate with god’s enemies.

219
Q

maruf

A

anything that has been approved in shariah law.

220
Q

differences in salah in shia and sunni islam

A

shia muslims combine some prayers and so only pray three times a day. sunni muslims only do this with very good reason.
shia muslims often use natural elements when praying, like clay,
shia muslims pray with their hands by their sides and sunnni muslims often pray with their hands folded (or by their sides)

221
Q

jihad meaning

A

both a struggle for faith and a struggle against evil

222
Q

greater jihad meaning

A

making the effort to be a good muslim through a personal struggle to improve spiritually. it is a duty and an act of worship

223
Q

how should muslims follow the greater jihad

A 
follow the five pillars
forgive others
work for social justice
study the qur'an 
help those in need
avoid negative qualities, eg greed
avoid temptations eg alchohol
224
Q

lesser jihad meaning

A

defending islam from threat

225
Q

factors/rules for the lesser jihad

A

must be approved by a religious leader, fought in self-defence and not used to either convert people to islam or gain land. no harm must be doen and peace must be restored and mercy shown.

226
Q

what does the qur’an say about fighting

A

“fight in the way of god those who fight against you, but do not transgress.”

227
Q

id-ul-fitr

A

festival that marks the end of ramadan. it means ‘the festival of breaking the fast’.

228
Q

how long does id-ul-fitr go on for

A

3 days.

229
Q

what must muslims do during id-ul-fitr

A

give money to the poor in zakat-ul-fitr

230
Q

why is id-ul-fitr important

A

marks the end of a month of fasting
brings the ummah together
time for sharing and being graeteful
time to appreciate all the positive things in life

231
Q

when is id-ul-adha

A

approx 30 days after id-ul-fitr

232
Q

what is id-ul-adha about

A

the idea of sacrifice for allah. muslims remember how ibrahim believed in allah so much he was prepared to sacrifice his son to show his love and dedication. it celebrates ibrahims willingness to put his trust in allah. in muslim countries its a public holiday.

233
Q

what happens during id-ul-adha

A

an animal is sacrificed. the animal is killed in the halal way by a specialist. the animal is then divided between family, friends and the poor.. the ummah then comes together to pray

234
Q

what happens during id-ul-adha in the hajj

A

ihram is removed for normal clothes.

men and women cut their hair to show personal sacrifice. the ummah then comes together to pray

235
Q

why is id-ul-adha importatn

A

it allows muslims across the world to participatae in the hajj with family and friends even if they are unable tot travel to makkah.

236
Q

id-ul-ghadeer

A

only celebraed by shia muslims. rmembers when muhammed announced in public that ali would be his successor at ghadir khum.

237
Q

when does id-ul-ghadeer take place

A

18th day of the twelth month

238
Q

what do shia muslims believe muhammed said when he announced in public that ali would be his successor at ghadir khum.

A

“Of whomsoever I am Lord. Then Ali is also his Lord. O God! Be thou the supporter of whoever supports Ali and the enemy of whoever opposes him.”

239
Q

when is ashura

A

10th day of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic lunar calendar.

240
Q

how do shia muslims mark ashura

A

a voluntary day of fasting.

241
Q

what do shia muslims remember on ashura

A

commemeratuing the death of husayn in battle, they remember the day Noah left the Ark and the day Musa was saved from the Egyptians by God.

242
Q

what are the ten days before ashura

A

a period of mourning

243
Q

what happens on ashura

A

many Muslims wear black and there are often parades through the streets. Plays re-enacting the death of Husayn are often performed to remind Muslims of the events that led to his death.

244
Q

characteristics of allah

A 
tawhid
transcendance
fairness
immanence
omnipotence
adalat (in shia)
245
Q

where are the chacteristics of allah stated

A

in the Qur’an (Surah 16:35-36),

246
Q

examples of allahs 99 names

A

Al Hakim - The Wise
Ar-Rahmaan - The Beneficent
Ar-Raheem - The Merciful
Al-Quddus - The Most Sacred

247
Q

immancence

A

the belief that Allah is everywhere and that he knows everything and everyone.

248
Q

where in the qur’an does it relate to immanence

A

“We create man - We know what his soul whispers to him: We are closer to him than his jugular vein.”

249
Q

adalat (shia islam only)

A

Allah is just and created the world in a fair way.

250
Q

main difference between shi and sunni islam

A

imamah - disagreements that arose between Muslims after the Prophet Muhammad died. The disagreements were about who should be the next leader. Today, Sunni and Shi’a Muslims recognise different leaders as the successors of Muhammad.

251
Q

risalah

A

prophethood

252
Q

whatndoes risalah mean

A

‘message’

253
Q

what do muslims believe about the message carried by allahs prophets

A

all of Allah’s prophets carried the same message, but that Allah’s words had been changed or even lost by people over the centuries.

254
Q

why was a final prophet needed

A

to finish the teachings of Allah

255
Q

why is muhammed the seal of the prophets

A

because Muslims believe that Allah revealed the Qur’an as his final message to humanity.

256
Q

describe the prophets chosen by allah

A

All of the prophets chosen by Allah were human, and 25 of them are mentioned directly in the Qur’an. Some of these prophets are also key role models in other religions, such as Christianity and Judaism.

257
Q

who is adam

A

first man, who was created by Allah in his own image.

258
Q

who is eve

A

the first woman, was created from one of Adam’s ribs

259
Q

why were adam and eve banisehd from the paradise allah gave them

A

they disobeyed his orders.

260
Q

when did adam become a prophet

A

when he confessedhis wondoings.

261
Q

what is adam seen as

A

the father of the human race. He is also seen as Allah’s khalifah and the angels were expected to serve him

262
Q

was ibrahim polytheistic or monotheistic

A

brought up in a polythestic culture, but only belived in one god (monothesistic)

263
Q

ibrahims family

A

He had two sons, named Ishaq (Isaac) and Isma’il (Ishmael). He was also an ancestor of Muhammad.

264
Q

what does the qur’an say about ibrahim

A

“Abraham [Ibrahim] was truly an example: devoutly obedient to God and true in faith […] he was thankful for the blessings of God who chose him and guided him to a straight path. We gave him blessings in this world, and he is among the righteous in the Hereafter.”

265
Q

what did isa receive

A

one of Allah’s most important revelations, called the Injul

266
Q

what did isa follow

A

tawhid, and because of this many Muslims wish to follow in his footsteps by worshipping Allah as the one God.

267
Q

why is musa importnat

A

he was given the Al-Kitab (scripture) and Al-Furqan (the ability to know right from wrong). He was the only prophet to speak directly with Allah. Like Isa, Musa performed miracles. One of these was the parting of the seas, which allowed the Israelites to gain their freedom from slavery.

268
Q

who did dawud kill

A

jalut

269
Q

why was dawud made king of the isralites

A

he killed jalut

270
Q

ismail description

A

son of Ibrahim but also a prophet himself. He is seen as the father of the Arabs, or Abul Arab. Ismail helped his father to build the Ka’bah which is considered to be the house of Allah

271
Q

what does the qur’an say about following muhammed

A

“God and His angels bless the Prophet so, you who believe, bless him too and give him greetings of peace.”

272
Q

describe muhammads youth

A

his parents dieed when he was young so his uncle raised him

273
Q

what happened one day in AD610

A

Muhammad was in a cave and an angel appeared to him. This was the angel Jibril who revealed to him that he had been chosen to be the next prophet of Allah.

274
Q

was muahammed happy he was prophet

A

yes he went to tell his wife straight away.

275
Q

what did muhammad do as prophet

A

He removed all the idols that people were worshipping in order to allow people to focus their worship on Allah

276
Q

how was the qur’an revealed to muhammad

A

through Jibril. Some Muslims believe that the revelation took up to 23 years.

277
Q

how many key books are there in islam

A

5, each given by a different prophet

278
Q

what does the qur’an contain

A

the teachings of Allah given to the Prophet Muhammad.

279
Q

where does the qur’an say about its significance

A

“Nor could this Qur’an have been devised by anyone other than God. It is a confirmation of what was revealed before it and an explanation of the Scripture. Let there be no doubt about it, it is from the Lord of the Worlds.”

280
Q

what does the tawrat contian

A

the ten commandments and other good teachings and laws

281
Q

who was given the tawrat

A

musa

282
Q

why is the tawrat imporatnt to muslims

A

it contains the judgement of allah

283
Q

what is the zabur

A

book of pslams/psmals of dacid

284
Q

what does the zabur contian

A

prayers, poems and songs intended to inspire people.

285
Q

waht is injil

A

book given to isa

286
Q

what is the sahifah (scrolls)

A

first holy book within islam. some parts have beenlost but some have been preserevd.

287
Q

who was given the sahifah (scrolls)

A

ibrahimand musa

288
Q

give a sunni viewpoint of the first caliph

A

aby-bakr, the prophets closeset companion would be the first caliph.

289
Q

give a shia viewpoint of the first caliph

A

Ali, the Prophet’s son-in-law should lead the community. These Muslims came to be known as Shi’a, which means ‘Party of Ali’

290
Q

when was the qu’ran revealed to muhammad

A

610-632 CE, cave of hira, mount nur

291
Q

what is juz

A

the division of the qu’ran into 30, enabling it to be read in a month

292
Q

how long did muhammad take to reveal the last verse

A

22 years, 5 months

293
Q

what is laylat al-qadr

A

night of power, when muhammad recieved the qu’ran

294
Q

how many surah are there

A

114

295
Q

what happened with the qu’ran in 652 CE

A

4 copies of it were made/translated, and sent out to four islamic cities in case converts couldn’t speak arabic

296
Q

wany

A

revelation

297
Q

why is the qur’an so important

A

it allows muslims a glimpse into allah, as he is beyong human understanding and imagining.

298
Q

what does allah do to remind humans he is the centre of life

A

adam and eve
the sahifah, scroll given to prophet.
zabur, psalms revealed to prophet dawud
injil, gospel revealed to isa

299
Q

tajwad

A

reciting qu’ran with correct pronounciation

300
Q

madani

A

ordering life sensibly

301
Q

verse 225

A

“Allah! There is no God but He - the living, the self-subsisting, eternal

302
Q

why is the qu’ran always in arabic

A

because the words of allah, and same since muhammad, no muslim would seriously suggest changing it

303
Q

what is yusuf ali

A

the english and arabic qu’ran side by side for practice.

304
Q

what is the sunnah

A

the sayings and deeds

305
Q

what is the hadith

A

the indiviual verbal traditions

306
Q

what is the first biography of muhammad

A

sirah, by Hisham who knew a’isha, first wife of muhammad

307
Q

prophetic hadith

A

wise sayings and advice

308
Q

qudsi hadith

A

quotes from allah not in qu’ran

309
Q

what did bukhari do

A

gather the 600,000 different ahadith and checked the isnad, selecting 2762.

310
Q

isnad

A

chain of credentials that gurantee the authenticity of a hadith

311
Q

imja’

A

consensus

312
Q

qiyas

A

comparisons between hadith and qur’an

313
Q

fard

A

compulsory

314
Q

mandub

A

recommended

315
Q

mubah

A

allowed

316
Q

mubah

A

allowed

317
Q

makrah

A

frowned upon

318
Q

haram

A

forbidden

319
Q

when do young children start learning the qu’ran

A

5

320
Q

ulama

A

guardians and transmitters and interpretrers of religious knowledge in islam

321
Q

muhammad

A

born into hashemite clan
parents, then grandfather died young so cared for by uncle, abu talib
gained name of al-amin, the trustworthy one

322
Q

how did muhammad recieve the revelations

A

muhammad called to be a prophet in 611CE
jibril appeared whilst he was meditating in cave of hira. commanded him to read but he couldnt,
wife khadijah believed this was an experience so brought him to christian cousin who confirmed it

323
Q

who were the first followers of islam

A

ali, abu bakr, haritha, khadijah

324
Q

what did the last sermon preach

A

“life and property of muslims as sacred trust”
“return the things kept with you as a trusst to their rightful owners”
“your wives have certain rights over you, and you have certain rights over them”
“all believers are brothers”

325
Q

where was the last sermon

A

mount arafat at the end of the hajj

326
Q

how is muhammad the seal of prophets

A

seal = last
muhammed not divine but human
chosen as messenger for allah
sign on shoulder

327
Q

which hadiths do sunni accept

A

all

328
Q

which hadiths do shia support

A

only shia transmited ones

329
Q

sunni rightly guided caliphs

A

abu bakr
umar
uthman
ali

330
Q

how do sunni now regard ali

A

as the first imam not fourth caliph

331
Q

seveners in shia

A

aka isma’ilis, folow ism’ail as last prophet

332
Q

twelvers in shia

A

muhammad al-muntazarces

333
Q

how has islam been ruled since the end of imams (873)

A

scholars

334
Q

battle of badr 624 CE

A

muhammed led his followers into battle to defend their safety in medinah from makkan violence . this confimed his authority and all arab clans converted

335
Q

battle of uhud 625 CE

A

3000 makkans marched on all-madinah

technically a makkan victory but muhammad left in charge of trade route.

336
Q

battle of al-khandaq 627 CE

A

10,000 makkans marhed on al-madinah

huge trench dug before their arrval, causing their retreat. in 628 there was a treaty

337
Q

what did muhammad do in 628 CE

A

led pilgramage to makkah

338
Q

what happened in 630 CE

A

makkan forces broke treaty and attacked. many makkans sympathised with muhammads side. muhammad warned everyone to stay inside and they would not be hurt. makkan forces surrender and muhammad rides around the kaaba 7 times.

339
Q

surah

A

chapter

340
Q

ayan

A

verse (means sign)

341
Q

when was the qu’ran compiled

A

after muhammads death, kept safe by hafsa.

342
Q

where is the qu’ran now

A

in heaven

edexcel igcse religious studies (2 decks)

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