Paper B

Question 1

Managing negative thoughts

Answer 1

1. think STOP (or imagine a stop-sign)
2. distraction
   (2b. meditation)
3. reframing ➔ be rational and find alternative, better thoughts about the situation.

Question 2

Sleep Paralysis

Answer 2

• during awakening/ falling asleep (thought to be REM dysfunction)
• unable to move and speak
• might feel / hear / see things ➔ fear
• common to feel “something heavy sitting on your chest” due to increased fear and willingness to breathe faster but body doesn’t respond

Question 3

Type D Personality (definition)

Answer 3

defined as “distressed personality”: co-existence of two main features:

a) Frequent negative emotions as reaction to life events
b) Inhibition of social behavior

Question 4

Type D Personality (consequences)

Answer 4

Always stressed

Chronic anger and tension 

Low level of well-being 

Few positive emotions 

Low self esteem 

Loneliness

Question 5

Vital exhaustion

Answer 5

Fatigue 

Irritability 

Weakness 

Sleepiness 

Lack of depressive thinking patterns (?thats good i guess)

Question 6

Difficulty in treatment of Personality Disorders

Answer 6

• manipulative, its not always easy to give correct diagnosis
• not compliant, don’t stick to treatment plan: they can stop eating medications because they think they are treated. Some medication take 2 weeks to kick in, they are not patient to wait, they get paranoid and think therapeuts want to harm them etc.

Question 7

diagnosing Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 7

1. BMI < 17,5
2. Intense fear of gaining weight
3. Body dysmorphia (disturbed, incorrect view of their body)
   (used to also be amenorrhea but not anymore)

Two subtypes: Restricting or Binge+Purge

Question 8

(extra)

Motivational Interview

Answer 8

Goal-directed and instructive, deliberately attempting to influence clients in a certain direction –> create intrinsic motivation to change for the better.

1. Become aware of the problem
2. Imagine a better future
3. Identify behavior that is blocking you
4. Think about pros and cons of changing that behavior