Paper A Flashcards
definition of Panic Disorder
Having one or both:
- Constant worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences (e.g. losing control, having a heart attack, going crazy).
- Significant bad (“maladaptive”) change in behavior after attacks (avoid panic-inducing behaviours, or unfamiliar situations).
“Panic thinking” occurring in Panic Disorder
(long story short: thinking everything is going to shit)
- Catastrophisation of physiological (normal) perceptions
- Enhanced self-observation
- Attaching importance to insignificant symptoms
-“Avoidance-behaviors” which will maintain negative thoughts
Treatment of Panic Disorder
- CBT
- Antidepressants
- Self help
Response Prevention
A CBT technique to avoid compulsive behavior.
Deliberately expose to stimuli - stop compulsive behavior - find more effective response
5 Stages of Dying
- Denial: deny reality of situation
- Anger: intense emotion expressed as anger
- Bargaining: need to regain control
- Depression: sadness and regret
- Acceptance: final period of withdrawal
What is Good Stress?
A high enough level of stress (adrenergic stimuli) that it makes you achieve things more effectively (eg. running to the bus, writing an exam etc) but not high enough to cause panic and disorganization.
5 benefits of Good Stress
- increased attention and alertness, vitality
- faster thinking
- creativity
- successful problem solving
- evolutionary purposes, adaptation (basically you’re here because of your ancestors ability to get stressed enough to run away from a lion)
Intrinsic Motivation Theories
Doing something for your own personal growth/interest and NOT external reward
- Studying because you’re interested, not bc grades
- Doing sports because it’s fun, not bc prizes
- having a hobby
Normal wakeful conciousness
sensation ➔ externally generated
thought ➔ logical, progressive
movement ➔ voluntary
thalamic stimuli
Mankoff Theory
Types of stigmas:
1. ascribed (eg. Natural born blind)
2. achieved (eg. Criminals)
➔ reaction: escape (surgery), search for positivity, hiding (secret)
➔ emotion: shame, agressivity, pity, inferior complex
Theory of Goffman (past paper said Koffmann but I haven’t found something called that, only Goffman so🤷🏻♀️)
Types of stigmas:
- Physical (eg. wheelchair)
- Moral (eg. prostitution)
- Racial/National (eg. POC)
CHD Risk
stress ➔ cortisol etc –> CHD increase
depression ➔ 3,5 fold increase in CHD
risk factors:
- Type A or D personality (hostility, negative thinking)
- low social acceptance
Human Developmental Program (definition)
Quick learning of certain elemental life skills occurring only at particular sensitive periods.
- Build on specific way of learning
- Genetically based specific learning mechanisms elicited by environmental key triggers
Human Developmental Program (examples)
- swimming: 1-9 month (trigger: immerse in water)
- visual abilities: 7 months (trigger: photostimulation)
- attachment: 7-18 months (trigger: social and tactile stimuli by primary caretakers)
- language: until 7 years (trigger: social environment)
Define consciousness
Having 1. perception 2. thoughts 3. feelings 4. awareness of environmental and cognitive events
