Paper 3 - Issues And Debates

Question 1

Gender bias AO1

Answer 1

Alpha bias- exaggerated diff
Beta bias- minimised diff (Taylor et al- stress)
Androcentrism- Male is the norm, female deviant from norm (Freud)
Universality- all humans are alike

Question 2

Gender bias AO3 weakness points

Answer 2

-Alpha bias prevents equality /

-

Question 3

Gender bias AO3 positive points

Answer 3

• Beta bias may have made equality easier/ still false info

- Acknowledgement of gender bias makes fair research/ more control of variables

Question 4

Culture bias AO1

Answer 4

Ethnocentrism- one ethnicity treated as norm
(Ainsworth)
Imposed etic- one culture is applied onto another (Eysenck iq test)
Cultural relativism- behaviour can’t be judged without culture context
Universality- All humans are alike

Question 5

Culture bias AO3

Answer 5

• creates stereotypes (American iq)
• oversimplified diff between collect and individualistic cultures
• Etic approach flawed as researchers may misinterpret practices/ strength of emic

Question 6

Freewill vs determinism AO1

Answer 6

Freewill- choice over actions
Biological determinism- determined by genes (bio app) Lorenz
Environmental determinism- determined by enviro (behaviour app) asch
Soft determinism- choice is constrained by external factors

Question 7

Freewill vs determinism, freewill AO3

Answer 7

• allows for punishment and society to continue
• emphasis individuality
• impossible to scientifically test

Question 8

Freewill vs determinism, determinism AO3

Answer 8

• Determinism is scientific, IV->DV
• Reductionist approach, does not allow for individuality
• neither bio or enviro can explain behaviour

Question 9

Nature vs Nurture AO1

Answer 9

Nativist- Renée Baillargeon, pre programmed (memory)

Empiricism- John Locke, tabula rasa (learning theory)

Question 10

Nature vs nurture AO3

Answer 10

• nature and nurture aren’t separate
• nurture affects nature
• epigenetic show nature nurture interactional/ interactionist approach

Question 11

Holism vs reductionism AO1

Answer 11

• cultural and social, psychological, biological

- separate components/ simpler levels

Question 12

Holism vs reductionism AO3

Answer 12

• bio reductionism development of drug studies
• extremist nature/ interactionist approach
• reductionism scientific