PAPER 3 - Ethics and Deviance in Sport

Question 1

What is BLOOD DOPING ?

Answer 1

• increase in person’s RBC count
• higher volume of HB
• removal of 2 pints of blood

Question 2

Who is blood doping most commonly used by ?

Answer 2

endurance athletes and cyclists

Question 3

What are ANABOLIC STEROIDS ?

Answer 3

• increased strength and aggression

- longer training

Question 4

What are BETA BLOCKERS ?

Answer 4

control HR and keeps athlete calm

Question 5

What are STIMULANTS ?

Answer 5

increase alertness

Question 6

What are LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS ?

Answer 6

• accepted by sport admin
• increase sport performance
• not to the extend of PEDs
• long term effects unknown

Question 7

Give example of legal supplements

Answer 7

vitimins, minerals, energy drinks

Question 8

What are the ADVANTAGES of taking legal supplements ?

Answer 8

ENERGY DRINKS

• electrolytes that promote hydration
• contain carbs = extra energy
• contain protein = promote recovery
• increased health, strength, training etc

Question 9

What are the DISADVANTAGES of taking legal supplements ?

Answer 9

• contain traces of banned substances
• may not contain what the label says
• long term effect unknown (creatine = digestion problems)
• high sugar content
• bordering illegal

Question 10

What are the REASONS athletes use PEDs ?

Answer 10

• pressure from coaches
• coach feel pressure that their athletes succeed
• political pressure
• monetary rewards
• ‘everyone else is taking them’

Question 11

What are the CONSEQUENCES of taking PEDs ?

Answer 11

• concept of fair play damaged
• success of others is questioned
• health issues
• sponsorship struggles
• wider society has become corrupt

Question 12

What are the STRATEGIES of stopping the use of PEDs ?

Answer 12

• WADA = regular testing
• during competition
• winning team
• top 3 performers
• random selection
• education of coaches
• punishments

Question 13

What is VIOLENCE ?

Answer 13

INTENSE PHYSICAL FORCE that is directed towards harming another individual

Question 14

What are the CAUSES of VIOLENCE in sport ? (inc. hooliganism)

Answer 14

• desire to win
• alcohol / drugs
• rivalries (protecting their group - acting as agents)
• media tension
• poor officiating
• diminished responsibility

Question 15

What are the IMPLICATIONS of VIOLENCE in sport ?

Answer 15

• sport influences society’s norms

e. g. 2010 World Cup = increases domestic violence

Question 16

What are the STRATEGIES to prevent VIOLENCE ?

Answer 16

• education in to controlling emotions and impacts of their actions
• punishments - dealt with at the time of the event
• effective officiating - recognising aggressive signals
• coach / managers
• law enforcement (hooliganism) = CCTV / policing

Question 17

What is MATCH FIXING ?

Answer 17

outcome of a game is partly or fully PRE-DETERMINED and requires contact to be made between corrupt players

Question 18

What is SPOT FIXING ?

Answer 18

SPECIFIC ASPECT of a competition is PRE-DETERMINED - football player being sent off at a specific time

Question 19

Give an example of match fixing

Answer 19

• 2000
• South African Cricket Captain
• took £68,000 for match information

Question 20

Where did match fixing start ?

Answer 20

Asia

Question 21

Where did gambling originate ?

Answer 21

Ancient Roman Empire