Paper 3 B: Crime And Deviance

Question 1

What are norms?

Answer 1

• norms are a set of rules created by society to deem what is morally acceptable or not
• they are fluid & depend on time, location etc
  E.g washing your hands

Question 2

What is crime?

Answer 2

• crime is a behaviour that breaks the laws resulting in legal punishment
• definition of crime varies significantly between cultures

Question 3

Examples of crime:

Answer 3

• theft, drug trafficking, assault, murder

Question 4

What is deviance?

Answer 4

Behaviours that violate societal norms but do not necessarily break the law

Question 5

Examples of deviance

Answer 5

-public swearing
- protesting
- tattoos and piercings

Question 6

What is social order?

Answer 6

Social order is achieved through the structured pattern of behaviour
- it’s achieved through shared norms and values and rules that allows individuals to coexist peacefully

Question 7

What does Durkheim say about social order?

Answer 7

• he says shared set of beliefs and values binds people together making it less likely for deviant behaviour to threaten societal stability

Question 8

What is organic analogy?

Answer 8

-where institutions work interdependent to teach norms and values
Institutions are family and school
They carry out
G: goal attainment (government)
A: adaptation (economy)
I: integration (education)
L: latency (family)
School teach meritocracy where if you work hard you get money so individuals believe they benefit from this system

Question 9

What does Hirshi say about the Social Bond Theory?

Answer 9

• suggests individuals with strong bonds to society are less likely to engage in deviance
• Bonds include attachment to family and community
• commitment to social goals and belief in social values help individuals internalise social norms

Question 10

What does Marxists say about social control?

Answer 10

• Marxists believe bourgeoisie hold the power and laws reflect capitalist ideology
• legal system ( police, lawyers) serve interests of the bourgeoise
  - used to control the masses and prevent a revolution
  Social control is enforced through institutions and abuse of power

Question 11

What is ideological state apparatus?

Answer 11

• where media, religion and school teach us to think and behave in a way which benefits the bourgeoise through the use of repressive state apparatus (criminal justice system)

Question 12

What do postmodernists say about social control? E.g Foucault

Answer 12

• social control/ punishment was physical now it is psychological and expects people to change the way we think
• foucalt suggests traditionally sovereign power was used which was controlling people through the threat of force but now society uses disciplinary power (controlling people through surveillance)
  -suggests most people obey rules because they know they are being watched so they regulate their own behaviour