Paper 3

Question 1

What is PAP training

Answer 1

Post activation potentiation

Question 2

Describe PAP training method

Answer 2

Enhancement of neural and type2 muscle fibres for a limited time after performing a high muscle intensity muscle contraction

Question 3

Motor units are composed of which 2 bodily components

Answer 3

A neutron and the muscle fibre it innervates

Question 4

Explain the all or none law

Answer 4

When a motor unit is recruited, all the muscle fibres it innervates are recruited

Question 5

The amount of times a motor unit fires times per second is known as what

Answer 5

Motor unit firing rate

Question 6

What factor determines how many motor units are recruited when performing resistance exercise

Answer 6

The load being lifted and the speed at which its been lifted (eg strength and power training result in high motor recruitment)

Question 7

Which proprioceptor senses the length of a muscle and the rate at which its lengthening

Answer 7

Muscle spindles

Question 8

Describe stretch reflex

Answer 8

An immediate muscle contraction initiated by a muscle spindle when a muscle is lengthened beyond its normal range and/or too quickly

Question 9

The firing of grouped motor unit resulting in greater timing of force production is known as what?

Answer 9

Motor unit synchronisation

Question 10

What is selective recruitment

Answer 10

Recruitment of muscle fibres that create an explosive response (type2 fibres) and simultaneously inhabit type 1 (slow twitch fibres)

Question 11

What long term effects occur in muscle spindles due to effective strength training

Answer 11

Enhanced stretch reflex capabilities and greater force development

Question 12

What do Golgi tendons sense

Answer 12

Amount of tension in a muscle

Question 13

Describe inverse stretch reflex

Answer 13

Relaxation of a muscle due to excessive muscle tension being present,
Initiated by the Golgi tendon organ

Question 14

When completing unilateral training, which adaptations may occur resulting greater muscle activity in the untrained limb

Answer 14

Cross education neural response

Question 15

Describe bi-lateral strength deficit

Answer 15

Increase in muscle activation when performing a uni lateral exercise compared with muscle activation during the performance of a similar,
bi-lateral exercise (eg, greater muscle activity in quads during split squats compared to back squats)

Question 16

Name 3 muscular adaptations that occur due to resistance training

Answer 16

1. Increase in muscle pennation (angle of muscle fibres)
2. Increase in myofibrilliar volume
3. Increase in sacroplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Name 5 muscular adaptations that occur due to hypotrophy specific training

Answer 17

1. Increase in muscle fibre density
2. Increase in overall muscle size
3. Increase in protein synthesis
4. Decrease in mitochondria density
5. Decrease in capillary density

Question 18

Which form of training increases connective tissue strength, aiding in injury prevention in athletes

Answer 18

Strength training/ training with heavy loads

Question 19

What is common term for the endocrine system

Answer 19

Hormonal system

Question 20

Name the gland and function associated with human growth hormone.

Answer 20

Pituitary gland - growth and repair of all tissues

Question 21

Name the gland and function associated with the cortisol hormone

Answer 21

Adrenal gland, secreted in response to stress

Question 22

Insulin hormone

Answer 22

Pancreas, reduces blood sugars

Question 23

Testosterone hormone

Answer 23

Testes in men, liver and ovaries in females, growth and muscle repair

Question 24

A Hormone that is anabolic serves what function

Answer 24

Growth and repair

Question 25

Which hormones are raised as an acute response to resistance training

Answer 25

Testosterone, human growth hormone and cortisol

Question 26

Reduced rest periods coupled with high training volume increases which hormone

Answer 26

Cortisol

Question 27

What is the function of the endocrine system

Answer 27

Maintain homeostasis

Question 28

What external factors result in poor endocrine function, resulting in adaptation to training

Answer 28

1. Poor sleep patterns
2. Poor nutrition
3. Excessive emotional stress