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History Paper 2 > Paper 2 - Up to February Revolution > Flashcards

Paper 2 - Up to February Revolution Flashcards

Revision For Summer 2019 History Exam - LEARN

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1
Q

What family was Tsar Nicholas II from?

A

Romanov

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2
Q

Who was Tsar Nicholas II married to?

A

Alexandra

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3
Q

What nationality was Alexandra?

A

German

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4
Q

What was the Tsar’s police called?

A

Okhrana

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5
Q

What was the Tsar’s army called?

A

Cossacks

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6
Q

How did the Tsar use his army to suppress criticism (3 marks)

A

hanged, flogged or sent opponents to Siberia, censored the press and suppressed strikes

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7
Q

What % Russian was the orthodox church?

A

70%

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8
Q

What was wrong with the civil service? (2 marks)

A

It was rife with corruption and bribery

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9
Q

What was the highest ranking group?

A

Nobles

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10
Q

What % of the land did the Nobles own?

A

25%

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11
Q

Was the middle class large or small?

A

small

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12
Q 
What did the middle class want?
How did they suggest reaching this?
A

more say in the government e.g a constitution to limit autocracy

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13
Q

What was the other name for the factory workers?

A

Proletariat

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14
Q

What % of people were Proletariat?

A

4%

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15
Q

What was wrong with the working conditions of the factory workers? (2 marks)

A

Factories had few safety measures and there were 14+ hour working days

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16
Q

What was wrong with the living conditions of the factory workers?

A

Lived in over-crowded cities - 10 workers per room

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17
Q

What was illegal that factory workers wanted?

A

Trade Unions

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18
Q

What % of people were Peasants?

A

85%

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19
Q

Were the peasants religious?

A

yes

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20
Q

Who were the peasants devoted to?

A

The Tsar Nicholas II

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21
Q

What name did the peasants refer to the Tsar as?

A

Papa Tsar

22
Q

How many peasants were illiterate?

A

5/6

23
Q

Who paid a disproportionate amount of tax?

A

The Peasants

24
Q

Why were famines common?

A

There was insufficient strip farming which was controlled by communes

25
Q

Why was there land hunger?

A

Each generation, plots of land grew smaller so the Peasants wanted more land from the nobles

26
Q

What emerged as a result of Stolypin’s reforms?

A

The Kulak class - they bought more land

27
Q

How many people were Non-Russian Nationalities?

A

57 million - more that 50% of the empires population

28
Q

What did the Non-Russian Nationalities resent?

A

Russification

29
Q

What did many of the Non-Russian Nationalities want?

A

Independence

30
Q

What were the causes of the 1905 Revolution and when did they occur? (3 marks)

A

1904 - 1905 Russo-Japanese war
Bloody Sunday - January 1905
Potemkin Mutiny - June 1905

31
Q

What happened in the Russo-Japanese war? (2 marks)

A

Russia’s defeat was humiliating - government looked bad

The war meant longer hours for workers + food shortages

32
Q

What happened in Bloody Sunday? (4 marks)

A

Peaceful protest was led by Gapon
Cossacks charged & troops fired killing <100
Tsar lost affection of workers
Strikes and protests then escalated

33
Q

What did Gapon’s peaceful protest ask for? (2 marks)

A

8 hour day and Trade Unions for workers

34
Q

Who was sailor Valenchuk shot by in the Potemkin Mutiny?

A

Commander Giliarovsky

35
Q

What was Valenchuk complaining about?

A

Maggoty Meat

36
Q

How did the sailors respond to Valenchuk being shot?

A

They killed several officers

37
Q

Where did the Potemkin sail to after the deaths of several officers?

A

Odessa

38
Q

What was already happening in Odessa following the death of Valenchuk? (2 marks)

A

Strikes and Protests

39
Q

What did crowds in Odessa do? (4 marks)

A

They sang revolutionary songs, made speeches, looted warehouses and created fires

40
Q

Who declared Martial law following the aftermath of the death of Valenchuk?

A

The Tsar

41
Q

What did the troops do after the Tsar declared Martial law?

A

They opened fire on crowds killing >100

42
Q

What did the Potemkin do after the troops killed >100?

A

It fled to Romania and sank

43
Q

How did the revolutionary atmosphere grow throughout 1905? (6 marks)

A

Peasants rioted - burned 3000 landlords houses
Lenin & Trotsky returned from exile
September general strike paralysed the country
Middle classes also wanted political reform
The Soviets set up the St Petersburg soviet which was lead by Trotsky
Some soldiers mutinied

44
Q

What year did the October Manifesto occur in?

A

1905

45
Q

What did Nicholas agree to in the October Manifesto? (3 marks)

A

Freedom of speech & religion
The right to form trade unions
Duma

46
Q

Who was satisfied by the outcome of the October Manifesto?

A

The middle class

47
Q

Who felt as thought they had been betrayed by the middle class after the October Manifesto?

A

The workers

48
Q

What did the Tsar do after peace was made with Japan?

A

The Tsar used troops from the east to suppress the revolution

49
Q

Who was Minister of the Interior in 1906?

A

Stolypin

50
Q

What did Stolypin do? (6 marks)

A

Closed opposition press
Arrested revolutionary leaders - military tribunals without defence lawyer
> 1000 executed and 1000’s sent to Siberia
Liberals angered by illegality “Stolypin’s necktie”
Harassed leaders of political parties
Shut down trade unions

51
Q

Who suppressed peasant unrest?

A

The army - They were very loyal

History Paper 2 (3 decks)

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