Paper 2 - Up to February Revolution

Question 1

What family was Tsar Nicholas II from?

Answer 1

Romanov

Question 2

Who was Tsar Nicholas II married to?

Answer 2

Alexandra

Question 3

What nationality was Alexandra?

Answer 3

German

Question 4

What was the Tsar’s police called?

Answer 4

Okhrana

Question 5

What was the Tsar’s army called?

Answer 5

Cossacks

Question 6

How did the Tsar use his army to suppress criticism (3 marks)

Answer 6

hanged, flogged or sent opponents to Siberia, censored the press and suppressed strikes

Question 7

What % Russian was the orthodox church?

Answer 7

70%

Question 8

What was wrong with the civil service? (2 marks)

Answer 8

It was rife with corruption and bribery

Question 9

What was the highest ranking group?

Answer 9

Nobles

Question 10

What % of the land did the Nobles own?

Answer 10

25%

Question 11

Was the middle class large or small?

Answer 11

small

Question 12

What did the middle class want?
How did they suggest reaching this?

Answer 12

more say in the government e.g a constitution to limit autocracy

Question 13

What was the other name for the factory workers?

Answer 13

Proletariat

Question 14

What % of people were Proletariat?

Answer 14

4%

Question 15

What was wrong with the working conditions of the factory workers? (2 marks)

Answer 15

Factories had few safety measures and there were 14+ hour working days

Question 16

What was wrong with the living conditions of the factory workers?

Answer 16

Lived in over-crowded cities - 10 workers per room

Question 17

What was illegal that factory workers wanted?

Answer 17

Trade Unions

Question 18

What % of people were Peasants?

Answer 18

85%

Question 19

Were the peasants religious?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

Who were the peasants devoted to?

Answer 20

The Tsar Nicholas II

Question 21

What name did the peasants refer to the Tsar as?

Answer 21

Papa Tsar

Question 22

How many peasants were illiterate?

Answer 22

5/6

Question 23

Who paid a disproportionate amount of tax?

Answer 23

The Peasants

Question 24

Why were famines common?

Answer 24

There was insufficient strip farming which was controlled by communes

Question 25

Why was there land hunger?

Answer 25

Each generation, plots of land grew smaller so the Peasants wanted more land from the nobles

Question 26

What emerged as a result of Stolypin's reforms?

Answer 26

The Kulak class - they bought more land

Question 27

How many people were Non-Russian Nationalities?

Answer 27

57 million - more that 50% of the empires population

Question 28

What did the Non-Russian Nationalities resent?

Answer 28

Russification

Question 29

What did many of the Non-Russian Nationalities want?

Answer 29

Independence

Question 30

What were the causes of the 1905 Revolution and when did they occur? (3 marks)

Answer 30

1904 - 1905 Russo-Japanese war Bloody Sunday - January 1905 Potemkin Mutiny - June 1905

Question 31

What happened in the Russo-Japanese war? (2 marks)

Answer 31

Russia's defeat was humiliating - government looked bad | The war meant longer hours for workers + food shortages

Question 32

What happened in Bloody Sunday? (4 marks)

Answer 32

Peaceful protest was led by Gapon Cossacks charged & troops fired killing <100 Tsar lost affection of workers Strikes and protests then escalated

Question 33

What did Gapon's peaceful protest ask for? (2 marks)

Answer 33

8 hour day and Trade Unions for workers

Question 34

Who was sailor Valenchuk shot by in the Potemkin Mutiny?

Answer 34

Commander Giliarovsky

Question 35

What was Valenchuk complaining about?

Answer 35

Maggoty Meat

Question 36

How did the sailors respond to Valenchuk being shot?

Answer 36

They killed several officers

Question 37

Where did the Potemkin sail to after the deaths of several officers?

Answer 37

Odessa

Question 38

What was already happening in Odessa following the death of Valenchuk? (2 marks)

Answer 38

Strikes and Protests

Question 39

What did crowds in Odessa do? (4 marks)

Answer 39

They sang revolutionary songs, made speeches, looted warehouses and created fires

Question 40

Who declared Martial law following the aftermath of the death of Valenchuk?

Answer 40

The Tsar

Question 41

What did the troops do after the Tsar declared Martial law?

Answer 41

They opened fire on crowds killing >100

Question 42

What did the Potemkin do after the troops killed >100?

Answer 42

It fled to Romania and sank

Question 43

How did the revolutionary atmosphere grow throughout 1905? (6 marks)

Answer 43

Peasants rioted - burned 3000 landlords houses Lenin & Trotsky returned from exile September general strike paralysed the country Middle classes also wanted political reform The Soviets set up the St Petersburg soviet which was lead by Trotsky Some soldiers mutinied

Question 44

What year did the October Manifesto occur in?

Answer 44

1905

Question 45

What did Nicholas agree to in the October Manifesto? (3 marks)

Answer 45

Freedom of speech & religion The right to form trade unions Duma

Question 46

Who was satisfied by the outcome of the October Manifesto?

Answer 46

The middle class

Question 47

Who felt as thought they had been betrayed by the middle class after the October Manifesto?

Answer 47

The workers

Question 48

What did the Tsar do after peace was made with Japan?

Answer 48

The Tsar used troops from the east to suppress the revolution

Question 49

Who was Minister of the Interior in 1906?

Answer 49

Stolypin

Question 50

What did Stolypin do? (6 marks)

Answer 50

Closed opposition press Arrested revolutionary leaders - military tribunals without defence lawyer > 1000 executed and 1000's sent to Siberia Liberals angered by illegality "Stolypin's necktie" Harassed leaders of political parties Shut down trade unions

Question 51

Who suppressed peasant unrest?

Answer 51

The army - They were very loyal