Paper 2 Unit 4 Sports Psychology Flashcards
what is a skill?
a learned action or behaviour with the intention of bringing about predetermined results with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of time and energy
what is an ability?
stable traits inherited from your parents that determine and individual’s potential to learn or acquire skills
what is a basic skill? give an example
a skill where few decisions have to be made and are learned fairly quickly
eg. walking jumping
what is a complex skill? give an example
lots of decisions have to be made to be successful, can take e considerable time to master
eg. high jump, back somersault
what is an open skill. give an example
an open skill is a skill that is performed in a certain way to deal with changing or unstable environments. eg. rugby tackle
what is a closed skill? give an example?
The skill is not affected by the environment or performers within it. It tends to be done the same way each time. eg. The front somersault in gymnastics or the javelin throw.
what is a self-paced skill? Give an example.
The skill is started when the performance decides to start . the speed rate or pace of the skill is controlled by the performer e.g. long distance race
what is an externally paced skill? give an example
the skill is started because of an external factor. the speed rate or pace of the scale is controlled by external factors eg. tennis shot
What is a gross movement skill? Give an example
A skill that involves big movements of the body and the use of large muscle groups
E.g throwing a javelin
what is a fine movement skill?give an example
A skill that involves small precise movements and small muscle groups. eg. dart throw
What is a performance goal?
A goal that focuses on the athlete themselves and focuses on the performer competing against themselves to get a new best, for example
What is an outcome goal?
A goal that focuses on the end results such as winning
What does SMART target stand for?
specific
Measurable
Accepted
Realistic
Time bound
What is input in the basic information processing model?
Information from the senses and selective attention
What is decision-making in the information processing model?
Selection of the appropriate response from long and short term memory combined.
What is feedback and what are the two types?
Intrinsic feedback is received via yourself and extrinsic is received via others.
What is output?
The information sent to muscles to carry out the response.
what are the four different types of guidance?
Visual, verbal, manual, mechanical
What are the 3 types of feedback?
positive/ negative, knowledge of results/knowledge of performance, extrinsic/intrinsic
What is arousal?
A physical and mental state of alertness/excitement varying from deep sleep to intense excitement
What is the relationship between arousal level and performance level?
when under aroused, performance level is low. But when arousal level is too high low performance is also caused.
What types of skills will need a high-level of arousal?
fine skills require lower level of arousal whereas gross movement skills need higher amounts of arousal
what are the three methods to control arousal?
deep breathing- calm nerves, control arousal
Mental rehearsal-
Positive self talk
What is direct aggression?
when there is actual physical contact between performers and the aggressor uses physical contact to directly and deliberately inflict harm upon their opponent
What is indirect aggression?
indirect aggression does not involve physical contact. The aggressive act is taken out on an object to gain advantage over an opponent and it does not physically harm or injure. The act may be within the rules of the sport..
What are the main characteristics of introvert?
shy/quiet
Thoughtful.
Enjoy being on their own
What kind of sports do introverts tend to play?
individual sports when concentration or precision is required and lower arousal is required
What are the main characteristics of an extrovert?
enjoy interaction with others/sociable.
Enthusiastic/talkative.
Prone to boredom when isolated
What kind of sports do extroverts tend to play?
team sports where there is a fast pace, concentration may need to be lower, gross skills are used
What is intrinsic motivation?
motivation that comes from within a person, for pride/self satisfaction and personal achievement
What is extrinsic motivation?
motivation that comes from another person or is a tangible reward such as a trophy or an intangible reward such as praise and applause
What are the benefits of intrinsic motivation?
intrinsic is generally deemed more effective.
Intrinsic is more likely to lead to continued effort and participation
What are the benefits and negatives of extrinsic motivation?
a: extrinsic rewards may result in feelings of pride and self satisfaction
d: the performer may become reliant on extrinsic. Overuse of extrinsic can undermine the strength of intrinsic.
