Paper 2 - Topic 7, Animal Coordination, Control And Hormones Flashcards
What is the adrenal glands
Endocrine glands located above the kidneys that produce adrenaline
What is adrenaline
A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that is involved in the flight or fight response, it increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow to muscles and blood glucose levels
What is the Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that increases the collecting ducts permeability to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed into blood
What is the Bowman’s capsule
What’s the contraceptive injection
An injection that releases progesterone into the bloodstream through the skin to prevent pregnancy
What’s the corpus luteum
A temporary endocrine structure, formed from the remains of the follicle, that secretes progesterone
What’s the dermis
They layer of tissue below the epidermis, it contains temperature-sensitive receptors and sweat glands
What is Diabetes
A condition where the homeostatic control of blood glucose levels stop working
What is dialysis
A medical procedure that artificially filters the blood of patients with kidney failure, it relies on partially permeable membrane between the patients blood and dialysis fluid
What’s an effector
An organ, tissue or cell that produces a response to a stimulus
What’s an endocrine gland
Glands of the endocrine system that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream
What’s the endocrine system
A network of glands that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream
What’s the epidermis
The outer layer of the skins, contains temperature sensitive receptors that provide information about the external temperature
What is filtration
The removal of small molecules, water and ions from the blood in the glomerulus of the kidney at high pressure
What’s the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A hormone sec related by the pituitary gland that binds to follicle cells, stimulating them to mature and secrete oestrogen
What’s the glomerulus
A bundle of capillaries located in the capsule of a nephron adapted for filtration of blood
What’s glucagon
A hormone secreted by the pancreas when blood glucose concentration is too low, causes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver
What is homestasis
The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body despite fluctuations in internal and external conditions
What is a hormone
A cell signalling molecule produced by endocrine glands and released into the blood, it travels to a target organ and binds to receptors on effectors, initiating a response
What’s the hypothalamus
A structure in the brain that contains the thermoregulatory centre, it coordinates information from the receptors and sends instructions to the effectors
What is insulin
A hormone secreted by the pancreas when blood glucose concentration is too high, it causes liver + muscle cells to increase their uptake of glucose and the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver
What are the kidneys
A pair of organs in the abdomen that has a role in osmoregulation and nitrogenous excretion
What is the Luteinsing hormone (LH)
A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that initiates ovulation and stimulates the development of the remains of the follicle in the corpus luteum
What is the menstrual cycle
The monthly cycle in women that involves the development of the uterus lining, ovulation, maintenance of the uterus lining and it’s shedding
What is negative feedback
A corrective mechanism that allows only small shifts from a set point, reversing a change in conditions
What is a nephron
The functional unit of the kidney
