Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

11AGG > Paper 2: The challenge of resource management > Flashcards

Paper 2: The challenge of resource management Flashcards

1
Q

What are resources?

A

Resources are things that people use. Some are essential for survival while others are needed to maintain a standard of living.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many calories does the average adult need to consume in a day?

A

2000-2500 calories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Identify 3 consequences of not eating enough calories each day.

A

Weight loss, lack of energy and difficult to find work. There are also a range of health issues that can be caused by not consuming enough calories such as malnutrition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Identify two consequences of over eating.

A

Weight gain, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cancer and difficulty getting a job.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How much water makes up a human body?

A

2/3rds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why do our bodies need water?

A

Absorb nutrients and get rid of waste.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much water should the average person consume each day?

A

1.6 to 2 litres per day.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Identify three other uses of water.

A

Cleaning, growing food, energy production, cleaning, cooling, raw material production, leisure activities and any other relevant uses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a primary energy?

A

Primary energy includes sources such as fossil fuels or the wind that have been used to produce electricity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give an example of a primary energy

A

Coal, oil, gas, wind, solar, tidal and nuclear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a secondary energy?

A

A secondary energy, such as electricity, is used to heat homes and offices, cook food and power transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give an example of a secondary energy.

A

Electricity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is the global distribution of resources equal or unequal?

A

Unequal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the balance between the supply and demand of resources affect?

A

A country’s wealth and security.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is food security?

A

When people have enough nutritious and affordable food to eat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is food insecurity?

A

Food insecurity is when people go hungry or are malnourished.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do wealthier countries make food resources more affordable?

A

They import food and subsidise farming.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a food surplus?

A

A food surplus is when there is more than enough food to go around.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a food deficit?

A

When a country struggles to grow enough to feed people and cannot afford to subsidise farming or import more food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

There is a fixed amount of water on the planet. Identify two stores of water on Earth.

A

Oceans, ice caps, glaciers, lakes and reservoirs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Some water circulates the planet. What is this process known as?

A

Water cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a water surplus?

A

When an area has more water than it needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a water deficit?

A

When an area has too little water to meet its needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How can a water surplus occur?

A

Increase in extreme weather events.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How can a water deficit occur?

A

A drought, increase in evaporation or rapid increase in population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How can a water surplus cause problems?

A

It can lead to flooding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How can a water deficit cause problems?

A

Crops cannot be irrigated, people suffer dehydration and water rationing can come into effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which type of countries consume the most energy?

A

High income countries (HICs) and new emerging economies (NEEs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which types of countries use less energy?

A

Low income countries (LICs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is a fossil fuel?

A

A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is energy insecurity?

A

When a country consumes more energy that it produces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Countries that produce a high proportion of the energy they consume are said to be what?

A

Energy secure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

There is enough food to feed everyone on the planet. However, 1 billion people experience food insecurity. Why is this?

A

Food supply and consumption are not evenly distributed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Does the U.K. have food security?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What proportion of the UKs food is imported?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Why has there been growing demand for food imports in the U.K.?

A

People want to consume food out of season.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is organic food?

A

Food produced without using any chemicals such as pesticides and fertilisers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why has the consumption of organic food increased in the U.K.?

A

More people want to eat food that hasn’t been sprayed with chemicals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What initially happens to yields when a farm changes to organic?

A

They drop. However, they then recover.

40
Q

Why do some people believe organic farming is unsustainable?

A

Because it can lead to greater use land area.

41
Q

Approximately what proportion of people experience water insecurity around the world?

A

80%

42
Q

Does the U.K. have a water surplus or deficit?

A

Water surplus, although there are variations in the supply and demand for water across the UK.

43
Q

Which is wettest, the east or west of the U.K.?

A

West

44
Q

How is the relationship between water surplus and population density in the U.K.?

A

Water surplus is greatest in the west of the country in north wales and the north west of the country. Water demand is greatest in the south east of England.

45
Q

What has been developed to transport water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit in the U.K.?

A

Large scale water transfer schemes.

46
Q

Give an example of a water transfer scheme in the U.K.

A

Birmingham’s water is transferred from the Elan Valley in Wales to Bartley reservoir in Bartley Green.

47
Q

What has happened to water demand in the U.K.?

A

It has increased as more people wash cars, take longer showers and water their gardens.

48
Q

What is a water footprint?

A

A water footprint is a is a measure of the total water used both within the UK and in other countries through imported products.

49
Q

What is meant by the term energy mix?

A

It is the mixture of primary energy sources.

50
Q

Give three examples of energy that contribute towards the UKs energy mix.

A

Gas, coal, oil, solar, wind, tidal, HEP and nuclear.

51
Q

It was once thought global supplies of fossil fuels were running out. What developments have led to the discovery of new reserves?

A

Developments in new technology.

52
Q

Where are there large, barely tapped reserves of fossil fuels?

A

South America, Africa and the Artic.

53
Q

True or false? It is estimated that gas will last another 50 years and coal another 112 years.

A

True

54
Q

Where does 40% of the UKs domestic supply of gas come from?

A

The North Sea

55
Q

Renewable energy accounts for 10% of the UKs energy mix. What is its target for 2020?

A

15%

56
Q

How is 50% of the UKs renewable energy generated?

A

Wind

57
Q

Identify 2 economic issues associated with the exploitation of energy resources in the U.K.

A

It is expensive to generate electricity, maintenance and running costs, repairing damage to structures and disposing of waste (and any other appropriate answers).

58
Q

Identify 2 environmental issues associated with the exploitation of energy resources in the U.K.

A

CO2 emissions, waste products such as ash, high levels of radiation, visual pollution and the impact on marine ecosystems by tidal power and HEP dams.

59
Q

What is an energy surplus?

A

An energy surplus is when an area can produce more energy than it needs and therefore can sell it to other areas.

60
Q

What is an energy deficit?

A

When a country does not have enough energy to meet its needs.

61
Q

True or false? There is an even global distribution of energy supply and consumption.

A

False

62
Q

Identify two countries that produce a lot of oil

A

Saudi Arabia, Russia, Nigeria and the USA

63
Q

Identify two countries with the largest coal reserves.

A

USA, Russia and China

64
Q

Identify two countries with the largest natural gas reserves.

A

Russia, Iran and Qatar

65
Q

Where does 40% of the UK’s natural gas come from?

A

The North Sea

66
Q

What affects a country’s potential to produce renewable energy?

A

Climate, geology, costs, availability of technology

67
Q

Identify 4 types of renewable energy.

A

Wind, solar, tidal, wave power, HEP and geothermal power.

68
Q

What is predicted to happen to energy consumption in the future?

A

It will increase. Estimates suggest this could be 56% by 2040.

69
Q

Where will the growth in energy consumption be the greatest in the future?

A

It will largely take place in developing countries (LICs / NEEs).

70
Q

Identify 4 reasons for the rise in global energy consumption.

A

Economic development, population growth, development of technology and affluence (increase in the standard of living).

71
Q

Give four factors that affect energy supply.

A

Physical factors such as the right geology for fossil fuels, cost of exploitation and production, technology, political factors such as war and corruption.

72
Q

What is meant by the term energy security?

A

Consumers have access to the energy they need as a price that avoids volatility.

73
Q

What is meant by the term energy insecurity?

A

Energy insecurity is when consumers do not have access to the energy they need or are priced out of an energy supply.

74
Q

Give four impacts of energy insecurity.

A

Damage to environmentally sensitive areas, environmental coasts such as the release of greenhouse gases, loss of habitats, noise and visual pollution, use of valuable farm land, conflict and lower industrial output.

75
Q

Identify two types of renewable energy

A

Biomass, HEP, Wave and tidal power, geothermal power, solar power and wind power.

76
Q

How is biomass used to create renewable energy?

A

Burning material derived from living things. Burning the material produces electricity.

77
Q

How does hydroelectric power work?

A

Water is trapped in a reservoir behind a dam. As it flows through the dam it turns a turbine generating electricity.

78
Q

How does wave and tidal power produce electricity?

A

Wave and tidal power involve generating energy from the sea. A turbine is turned as water flows through it, generating electricity.

79
Q

How does geothermal energy produce electricity?

A

Geothermal energy involves uses heat within the Earth to generate electricity.

80
Q

How does solar power produce electricity?

A

It involves using solar panels installed on buildings or in fields that turn sunlight into electricity.

81
Q

How does wind power produce electricity?

A

Wind turbines convert the movement of air into electricity.

82
Q

Identify a case study for the extraction of fossil fuels.

A

Natural gas extraction - The Camisea project in Peru

83
Q

Give three advantages of the Camisea project

A

Could save Peru up to US$4 billion in energy costs. Peru could have increased income from gas exports, up to US$34 billion over 30 years. More jobs and improved infrastructure benefits local people.

84
Q

Give three disadvantages of the Camisea project

A

Deforestation to enable a pipeline construction. Developers bring diseases which local people do not have any immunity to. Clearing routes for pipelines has caused landslides and pollution of streams, harming fish.

85
Q

Identify three solutions to energy insecurity that are more sustainable.

A

Reducing carbon footprints, energy conservation and better technology.

86
Q

What is a carbon footprint?

A

The total amount of carbon a person or organisation is responsible for being emitted.

87
Q

How can we reduce carbon footprints?

A

Using less energy to reduce carbon footprint. This could also include using more public transport, waking or cycling. Also buying locally produced food will reduce food miles.

88
Q

How can we conserve energy?

A

Using energy-saving measures such as wall and loft insulation, smart meters and turning heating down. Also, local councils could promote energy conservation by creating cycle lands and introducing congestion charges.

89
Q

How can we use better technology to give us better energy security?

A

Using more energy efficient appliances, switch to electric vehicles and increasing vehicle excise duty for cars that are heavy polluters.

90
Q

Identify a case study of a local renewable energy scheme in an LIC or NEE

A

Chambamontera in Peru - a micro-hydro scheme

91
Q

Why was the micro-hydro scheme needed at Chambamontera?

A

Chambamontera is an isolated community in the Andes Mountains of Peru (a NEE). Most people are dependent on subsistence farming and small-scale coffee farming/livestock rearing. Development was limited by a lack of electricity. Nearly half of the population were surviving on just US$2 a day.

92
Q

How did the micro-hydro scheme at Chambamontera work?

A

The charity, Practical Action, supported the area to develop a micro-hydro scheme, costing US$51,000. This is how the micro-hydro scheme works: 1. A mountain stream is diverted along a man-made channel. 2. It then goes steeply downhill through a pipe into a generator room where it turns a turbine and generates electricity.

93
Q

Identify economic successes associated with the scheme.

A

Jobs created for the local people as electricity allowed the development of more businesses like a local radio station. People also got jobs working directly on the scheme and maintaining it.

94
Q

Identify environmental successes associated with the scheme.

A

More control over the river so less risk of flooding. Uses renewable energy.

95
Q

Identify social successes associated with the scheme.

A

Better healthcare. Electricity available to power fridges to keep medication and vaccines in.

11AGG (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions