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English language Paper 2 > PAPER 2(READING)-DAFOREST-highlight it in extract > Flashcards

PAPER 2(READING)-DAFOREST-highlight it in extract Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Note: In * * is the Phrases you must use when analyzing the techniques

A
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2
Q

Direct Adress

A

Direct address is when you talk directly to the reader, using the pronouns ‘we’, ‘you’ or ‘us’. This is a great technique for persuading the reader, as it suggests that the reader and writer are on the same side.

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3
Q

Us and We

A

When that happens to us, we have to stick together.
In this phrase, the pronouns ‘us’ and ‘we’ are used to directly address the reader.
Direct address is used to make the reader feel like part of a team with the writer/speaker
The collective pronouns ‘us’ and ‘we’ make it seem like the writer and the reader have a common goal
The common goal is reinforced by the use of two collective pronouns.

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4
Q

You

A

How would you feel?
In this phrase, the pronoun ‘you’ is used to directly address the reader.
Direct address is used to make the reader feel like the writer/speaker is talking directly to them–* it suggests that* the advice and information the writer has is directly applicable for, and important to, the reader.
The collective pronoun ‘you’ makes it seem like the writer has a direct message for the reader, specifically for them.

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5
Q

We

A

We must not give up.

  • In this phrase, the pronoun ‘we’ is used to directly address the reader.*
  • Direct address is used to make the reader feel like part of a team with the writer/speaker.*
  • The collective pronoun ‘we’ makes it seem like the writer and the reader have a common goal*
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6
Q

Which phrase uses direct address?
what is the time?
surely you are tired?
Is jimmy always this annoying?

A

Surely you are tired?

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7
Q
A

Direct adress is usually pronouns

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8
Q

TIPS FOR DIRECT ADRESS

A
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9
Q

Use a variety of pronouns

A

Use a variety of second-person and collective pronouns (‘you’, ‘we’, ‘us’).

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10
Q

Choose vocabulary effectively

A

Your choice of vocabulary is vital in creating your language devices effectively.

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11
Q

Use the appropiate pronoun

A

Decide whether you want to talk at your reader, or whether you want to be a team with your reader – then select the appropriate pronoun.

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12
Q

Second-person pronoun

A

You

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13
Q

ALLITERATION

A

Alliteration is the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words near to each other. These are the same sounds, not necessarily the same letters (e.g. ‘ph’ and ‘f’ may sound the same in some words).

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14
Q

Alliteration of plosive sounds

A

The dawn drank the darkness as the sun escaped her dungeon.

  • In this phrase, the sound ‘d’ is repeated four times.*
  • Plosive sounds (such as d/b/t/p) are quite abrupt and strong. They grab the reader’s attention, especially when repeated.*
  • In this phrase, we want to emphasise *the darkness and negativity so we can highlight the change the sun brings.
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15
Q

Alliteration of fricative sounds

A

He fumbled with the photo and froze.
In this phrase, the sound ‘f’ is repeated.
In addition, the ‘f’ sound is also created with the ‘ph’ in ‘photo’.
Fricative sounds (such as f/v/th) can either be quite soft and airy, or they can be aggressive (especially f/v, which you can only produce if you bare your teeth – an aggressive action).

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16
Q

Alliteration of affricative sounds

A

Alliteration of affricative sounds

He juggled gently with gigantic jellyfish.

  • In this phrase, the sound ‘j’ is repeated.* In addition, the ‘j’ sound is also created with the soft letter ‘g’ (in ‘gigantic’, the first ‘g’ works because it is soft, but the second ‘g’ is not alliterative because it is a harder sound).
  • Affricative sounds (such as j) can be quite strange and jarring – they interrupt the softer flow of text and grab the reader’s attention, especially when repeated.*
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17
Q

TIPS FOR USING ALLITERATION

A
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18
Q

Focus on the sound

A

Focus on the sound you are trying to create. Is your alliteration going to be smooth, airy, aggressive, or jarring? The type of sounds you choose to repeat will affect the mood of your writing.

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19
Q

Choose your vocabulary wisely

A

Your choice of vocabulary is vital in creating your language devices effectively.

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20
Q

Plan where the alliteration should go

A

Use alliteration carefully – before you put it into your writing, think about where it should go. What do you want to draw attention to?

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21
Q

Yarvis yanked his ankle and Yolanda yelled out in shock.

A

Jarring alliteration

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22
Q

When using alliteration, the type of sounds you choose to repeat will affect the___ of your writing.

A

tone/mood

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23
Q

What does the alliteration draw attention to in this phrase?

Matthew made mellow music with his miniature microphone.

A

The mellowness of Matthew’s music

(Is it because there is more m near the subject music?***??__

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24
Q

Examples

A

Hades TuRned Red with Rage
The Child Cried Convincingly
The child Smiled Suspiciously

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25
Q

What type of sound does this alliteration create?

Yarvis yanked his ankle and Yolanda yelled out in shock.

A 
Jarring
(tryout the different examples and try identify:
jarring
airy
smooth
fluid
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26
Q

FACTS

A
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27
Q

FACTS

A

A fact is a statement that cannot be argued with – it is true and can be proven. By putting facts in your writing, you add credibility and truth to your ideas, meaning your reader trusts you more.

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28
Q

Women live longer than men

A

Generally, women live longer than men.
According to statistics, women generally have a longer lifespan than men. This is a statistical fact, proven by birth and death records – it cannot be argued with.
A statistical fact like this adds credibility to your argument.No one can disagree with your statement because evidence has been collected to support this – it has been proven.
Statistical facts make you really seem to know what you are talking about, meaning that your reader is more likely to trust your advice.

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29
Q

Which of these are facts?
cotton candy was invented by a dentist
Dentists are not proper scientists
Dentists are good at inventing cotton candy machines

A

Cotton candy was invented by a scientist

30
Q

TIPS FOR USING FACTS

A
31
Q

Make facts believable

A

Facts must be believable even if your inventing them in your writting

32
Q

Dont exaggerate your facts

A

Dont present them as overly dramatic or they’ll seem fake

33
Q

Choose vocabulary carefully

A

Your choice of vocabulary is vital in creating your language devices effectively.

34
Q

Use facts sparingly

A

Use facts sparingly in your writing – if you just list a lot of facts, it can make your work really dull.

35
Q

Should you ever invent facts?

A

Yes, as long as they are believable

36
Q

why are facts important?

A

They add credibility to your writting

37
Q

OPINIONS

A
38
Q

English is tedious

A

In this phrase, the adjective ‘tedious’ is completely subjective. Some people may agree with this statement, but others would disagree – so this idea is a belief and can be argued with.

39
Q

Michael Jackson was the best musician

A

Michael Jackson was the best musician of all time.
In this phrase, the adjective ‘best’ is completely subjective.Some people may agree with this statement, but others would disagree – therefore, this idea is a belief and can be argued with.*

40
Q

Ugliest sea creature

A

The ugliest sea creature is the manatee.

  • In this phrase, the adjective ‘ugliest’ is completely subjective. Some people may agree with this statement, but others would disagree – therefore, this idea is a belief and can be argued with.*
  • The superlative ‘ugliest’ suggests* that you believe that nothing could be uglier than the manatee – it also reinforces the idea that this is factual, although it is an opinion.
41
Q

TIPS FOR USING OPINIONS

A
42
Q

TIPS ON OPINIONS

A

Opinions are personal beliefs – unlike facts, they can be argued with. By putting opinions into your writing, you help to build your own impression of the events you are describing, making the text more engaging.

43
Q

Present opinions as facts

A

Opinions can be presented as if they are facts by writing them as statements which seem true – for example, using the verb ‘is’ implies that you are giving a fact, even when you are not.

44
Q

Choose adjectives carefully

A

Use opinions to give your own impression of a topic or subject – the correct choice of adjectives really helps to build up an image or idea for your reader.

45
Q

Choose vocabulary carefully

A

Your choice of vocabulary is vital in creating your language devices effectively.

46
Q
A

Opinions can be presented as if they are facts by writing them as statements which seem true – for example, using the verb ‘is’ implies that you are giving a fact, even when you are not.

47
Q

REPETITION

A
48
Q

Repetition

A

Repetition is when the same words or phrases are written multiple times (in a sentence or a whole text) to make an idea more memorable or clearer. Repetition can also be used to emphasise an important idea in a text.

49
Q

Repetition of “we will”

A

We will work hard and we will win!

  • Repetition of ‘we’ emphasises the idea that the writer/speak and the reader/audience will be working together to achieve a common goal.
  • Repetition of ‘will’ emphasises *the determination behind the goal – it is guaranteed that this goal will be achieved, and the writer is so confident in this that they have repeated it.
  • By choosing to repeat this particular part, we have helped to build a relationship between the writer and the reader.*
50
Q

Repetition of Silent/Silence

A

The silence made her shiver – the silent wind, the silent waves, and his silent breathing.

  • Repetition of ‘silent’ emphasises the quietness the character is experiencing.*
  • The repeated ‘silent’ also creates* a spooky, eerie atmosphere and alters the mood of the piece.
  • By choosing to repeat this particular part,* we have helped to build tension, which leaves a reader wondering what will happen next.
51
Q

Repetition of ‘vital’

A

Revision is vital for reminding yourself about key facts, vital in developing your understanding of each topic, and vital to improving your subject knowledge.

  • Repetition of ‘vital’ emphasises* the importance of the initial idea – the revision.
  • The repeated ‘vital’ *leaves no room for argument or doubt – the writer gives the clear impression that revision is the key to success here.
52
Q

Examples

A

It was a dark and stormy night. The dark shadows tickled the trees
The tiny man lived in a tiny house on a tiny street
There was a crash and a bang and a bang and a crash as she fell down the stairs

53
Q

TIPS FOR USING REPETITION

A
54
Q
A

Repetition is when the same words or phrases are written multiple times (in a sentence or a whole text) to make an idea more memorable or clearer. Repetition can also be used to emphasise an important idea in a text.

55
Q

Only repeat important words

A

Only repeat words you think are important and should be emphasised. In some cases, repetition is not necessary – instead, vary your vocabulary.
(You could ask yourself why the writer may think this is an important word or what they are suggesting, then what the words definition is to explore possible meaning when analysing it)

56
Q

Choose your vocabulary carefully

A

Your choice of vocabulary is vital in creating your language devices effectively.

57
Q

Dont over-repeat words

A

Don’t over-repeat the words you have chosen to repeat – you risk making your writing too repetitive and boring.

58
Q

Is this a good example of repetition?

Henry was a good boy. Henry had nice clothes. Henry was a pleasant singer. Henry enjoyed dancing

A

No-Henry is over repeated so the sentence sounds jarring

59
Q

What should you NOT do when using repetition?

A

1
Over-repeat words
2
Repeat words you don’t think are important
(in english you should apply techniques in your works and then it’ll be easier to find it in your own or perhaps thats for all subjects tbh i feel like thats what i meant in my whatsapp gc with using it to make my books)

60
Q

EXAGERATION (HYPERBOLE)

A
61
Q

Hyperbole

A

Exaggeration (or hyperbole) is an exaggerated statement, not meant to be taken literally, but used to create a dramatic effect.

62
Q

Endless

A

She gulped as she stared at the endless piles of bills on the table.

  • ‘Endless’ is used to suggest *that there are so many bills on the table that they appear to go on and on.
  • But it is impossible for* the pile of bills to truly be ‘endless’ – instead, ‘endless’ is used for dramatic effect,** to exaggerate the number of bills on the table and to express how upset/worried she was about the number of bills she had to pay.
  • The hyperbole exaggerates the character’s anxiety.*
63
Q

Forever

A

He was taking forever to get ready.

  • In this phrase, ‘forever’ is used to suggest* that the man was taking a really long time to get ready – he takes so long that he seems to take ‘forever’.
  • But it is impossible for* him to actually take ‘forever’ to get ready – instead, ‘forever’ is used for dramatic effect** to exaggerate the length of time he takes and * to express the speaker’s frustration at how long he is taking.*
64
Q

Everything

A

we tried everything
In this phrase ‘everything’ suggests that the speaker is frustrated and has tried every possible solution imaginable
But it is impossible for him to have tried every single possible solution imaginable as there is usually an answer for any problem when finding thr rroot to it
Instead it is used for dramatic effect to show how exhausted he is from trying numerous solutions and failing

65
Q

Everything

senecca answer

A

Forever

Everything

We tried everything!
In this phrase, ‘everything’ is used to suggest that they tried every single solution ever invented to try and fix their problem.
But it is highly unlikely that they have actually, literally tried every single solution – instead, ‘everything’ is used for dramatic effect, to exaggerate the number of solutions they have tried and express their frustration that nothing has worked.

66
Q

Examples

A
67
Q

He cried for days

A

The man did not cry for days. But he cried a lot

68
Q

He could ride at lightning speeds

A

He cannot literally run at the speed of lightning. But this phrase emphasises how fast he can run.

69
Q

She’s a stick!

A

She is not actually a stick. This phrase emphasises how thin she is.

70
Q

How do I find the alliteration?

A

Find the phrase in the sentence which turns it into an exaggeration

English language Paper 2 (9 decks)

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