List four things Flashcards
Figurative language
Figurative language is using figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive or impactful. Such devices include metaphors and similes.
E.g. My bedroom is a freezer!
Emotive language
Emotive language is when language is used to create a strong emotional response – this could be any emotion, such as anger, excitement, happiness, sadness, etc.
E.g. The sad, downcast dog drooped its little head
What kind of language is being used in these sentences?
Jack had no food. His body was weak and scrawny. His face was tearful.
Emotive language
Figurative Language
Figurative language is using figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive or impactful. Such devices include metaphors and similes. Here are some examples:
The birthday boy is like an excitable puppy (simile)
The wind is a howling wolf (metaphor)
The storm scooped the poor lady up (personification)
Key Terms for English Language - Mood and Feelings
Pathos
When language creates pity or sadness in the reader.
E.g. When advertisements for charities show small children looking sad and living in horrible conditions - this is used to evoke pity and sadness in the audience, encouraging them to donate money to the cause.
Atmosphere
The tone or feeling created in a piece of creative work.
E.g. The dark sky hung ominously as they shivered in fear.
Pathetic fallacy
Pathetic fallacy is when a writer gives human emotions to things that are not human, such as objects, animals or, most commonly, the weather.
E.g. the night was unruly.
Pathetic fallacy is when a writer gives human emotions to things that are not human, such as objects, animals or, most commonly, the weather.
Key Terms for English Language
Colloquialism
The use of informal words, phrases or even slang in a piece of writing.
E.g. Wanna, gonna, go nuts.
Antithesis
A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.
E.g. Love is the antithesis of hatred
Ellipsis
A situation in which words are left out of a sentence but the sentence can still be understood. This may be done to create tension. The symbol is …
E.g. Bang… silence.
Anaphora
Anaphora is the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a series of phrases or sentences.
E.g. In Martin Luther King’s I have a dream speech, he repeats ‘I have a dream’ throughout.
Connotation
The ideas, feelings or associations with words/phrases which we can use to add to the suggested meanings of the language or imagery.
E.g. The colour red could be linked to anger, passion, love, blood, etc
War is the ____ of peace.
antithesis
What is atmosphere?
the tone or feeling created in a creative peice of work
What’s a simile?
A simile is a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, using ‘like’ or ‘as’.
What’s a metaphor?
A metaphor is a figure of speech in which you say something is something else. You compare the qualities of two things within this.
What’s pathetic fallacy?
Pathetic fallacy is when a writer gives human emotions to things that are not human, such as objects, animals or, most commonly, the weather.
What’s personification?
Personification is when you give human characteristics to something non-human to create imagery.
What’s an oxymoron?
An oxymoron is when two contrasting ideas are combined for dramatic effect or to create a comedic effect.
“The wind sighed”
Personification
What’s a hyperbole?
A hyperbole is an exaggerated statement, not meant to be taken literally, but used to create a dramatic effect.
The best way to communicate with a fish is to drop them a line.
A pun
ALLITERATION AND SIBILANCE HYPERCRAM
Alliteration
Alliteration is the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words close to each other. These are the same sounds, not necessarily the same letters (e.g. ‘ph’ and ‘f’ may sound the same in some words).
Alliteration of plosive sounds
The dawn drank the darkness as the sun escaped her dungeon.
In this phrase, the sound “d” is repeated four times. Plosive sounds (such as d/b/t/p) are quite abrupt and strong. They grab the reader’s attention, especially when repeated. In this phrase, we want to emphasise the darkness and negativity so we can highlight the change the sun brings.
Alliteration of fricative sounds
He fumbled with the photo and froze.
In this phrase, the sound ‘f’ is repeated. In addition, the ‘f’ sound is also created with the ‘ph’ in ‘photo’. Fricative sounds (such as f/v/th) can either be quite soft and airy, or they can be aggressive (especially f/v, which you can only produce if you bare your teeth – an aggressive action).
Alliteration of affricative sounds
He juggled gently with gigantic jellyfish.
In this phrase, the sound ‘j’ is repeated. In addition, the ‘j’ sound is also created with the soft letter ‘g’ (in ‘gigantic’, the first ‘g’ works because it is soft, but the second ‘g’ is not alliterative because it is a harder sound). Affricative sounds (such as j) can be quite strange and jarring – they interrupt the softer flow of text and grab the reader’s attention, especially when repeated.
Sibilance
Sibilance is a more specific form of alliteration, which focuses on “s” sounds.
Sibilance example
A strange sizzle softly filled the silent sky.
In this phrase, the repeated “s” sounds combine with the words chosen to create a sense of calm, but also the feeling that something more sinister is about to happen. The adjectives “strange” and “silent” give us the feeling that we are waiting for something to happen, but the adverb “softly” also creates a sense of calm.
Which sounds does sibilance focus on?
“S” sounds
What is sibilance a specific form of?
alliteration
What technique does the following sentence use?
His satchel was soaking thanks to the storm.
sibilance
What is the official term for the repetition of plosive sounds?
Alliteration
NARRATIVE VOICE HYPERFLASHCARDS
What’s the narrative voice?
The narrative voice is the tone of the piece. The narrative voice might come from a character or from an omniscient narrator.
What’s the first-person narrative voice?
The first-person narrative voice offers the narrator’s personal interpretation of events
What’s the third-person narrative voice?
The third-person narrative voice will either follow a key character or tell events from a neutral (omniscient) perspective.
Where does the narrative voice come from?
An omniscient narrator
A character
What’s the present tense?
The present tense show that something is happening right now.
Which phrases use the first-person narrative voice?
your dog is awful
if only i had searched harder
spring is near kenny thought
if only i had searched harder
What’s the past tense?
The past tense shows that something has happened already.
Do these phrases use the first- or third-person narrative voice? 1 Harold is applying to Cambridge University -person narrative voice. 2 Sebastian loves playing chess -person narrative voice. 3 I owe you a lot of money First-person narrative voice. 4 He ate and ate until he was stuffed -person narrative voice. 5 I have always wanted to go to Paris -person narrative voice
Do these phrases use the first- or third-person narrative voice? 1 Harold is applying to Cambridge University Third-person narrative voice. 2 Sebastian loves playing chess Third-person narrative voice. 3 I owe you a lot of money First-person narrative voice. 4 He ate and ate until he was stuffed Third-person narrative voice. 5 I have always wanted to go to Paris First-person narrative voice
What’s the future tense?
The future tense shows that something will happen in the future.
What tenses are these verbs in? 1 Jimmy visited Mongolia tense. 2 Jasmine sings beautifully tense. 3 Ricky helped me dress my wound tense. 4 I will avenge my father tense.
1 Jimmy visited Mongolia Past tense. 2 Jasmine sings beautifully Present tense. 3 Ricky helped me dress my wound Past tense. 4 I will avenge my father Future tense.
Paragraphs
Generally, each paragraph in a piece of writing contains one key point. Writers often begin paragraphs with a topic sentence, which introduces the key point. They then expand on these sentences with evidence and examples.
(bear this in mind when highlighting key stuff at beginning of paper)
Ending paragraphs
Writers often end paragraphs with hooks, which encourage readers to think about the main point of the paragraph. Writers may also end by leading into the following paragraph.
What do writers often begin paragraphs with?
Topic sentence
Lengths of paragraphs
The length of a paragraph can be significant. For example:
A writer may use a long paragraph to build up a detailed description of a setting.
A writer may use a one-sentence paragraph to emphasise a rhetorical question or emphasise a point.
Starting a new paragraph
You need to start a new paragraph when:
Location changes. Time changes. The action changes. You introduce a new idea or character. Someone starts speaking. When you are using dialogue, you need to start a new paragraph every time you change speaker.
What do writers often end paragraphs with?
Hooks
When do you start a new paragraph?
1 Location changes 2 Time changes 3 The action changes 4 You introduce a new idea or character 5 Someone starts speaking
Discussing paragraphs in your exam
In your exam, you should discuss:
The order of the ideas (paragraphs).
The number of paragraphs in a piece.
The length of the paragraphs.
How the paragraphs are structured.
The present tense
Present tense verbs show that something is happening right now. Here is the present tense of ‘to love’:
I love You love He/she/it loves We love You (pl.) love They love
Things to discuss about paragraphs in your exam:
1 The order of the ideas 2 The number of paragraphs in a piece 3 The length of the paragraphs 4 How the paragraphs are structured
The past tense
Past tense verbs show that something has happened already. Here is the past tense of the verb ‘to dance’:
I danced You danced He/she/it danced We danced You (pl.) danced They danced
The future tense
Future tense verbs show that something will happen in the future. Here is the future tense of the verb ‘to miss’
I will miss You will miss He/she/it will miss We will miss You (pl.) will miss They will miss
