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GCSE PE > Paper 2 (pt 1) > Flashcards

Paper 2 (pt 1) Flashcards

1
Q

SMART principle
In the smart principle, what does each letter stand for and what does it mean?

A

Specific - focuses or linked to a sport
Measurable - be able to measure if you have achieved it
Achievable - be realistic and with the performers capability
Recorded - measurements should be logged and tracked
Timed - have a time limit to the goal

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2
Q

Skilful Movement

A

fluent
efficient
predetermined
aesthetic
co-ordinated

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3
Q

Skilful Movement Explanations 1

A

efficient - not wasting time or energy e.g. a swimmer using the perfect freestyle technique without wasting energy or time

fluent - skill is performed in one flowing movement e.g. a gymnast performing a cartwheel and backward walkover without stopping

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4
Q

Skilful movement explanations 2

A

predetermined - a skill has a clear objective or goal e.g. a dancer knows the dance routine before starting

aesthetic - a skill that looks good or pleasing to the eye e.g. a high board diver performing a double summersault to look good

co-ordinated - performed with control using limbs, senses and movements at the same time e.g. a tennis serve involves a throw, jump and hit at the same time

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5
Q

Feedback

A

intrinsic
extrinsic
knowledge of performance
knowledge of results
positive
negative

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6
Q

Extrinsic feedback

A

comes from external sources such as sound or vision

example: a netballer sees the ball go into the net and knows they have been successful

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7
Q

Knowledge of performance feedback

A

feedback about how well a skill or movement is executed

example: a coach in football telling their player that their shooting technique is incorrect

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8
Q

Knowledge of results feedback

A

feedback about the end result

Example: a coach in football telling their player that their shooting technique is incorrect

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9
Q

Positive feedback

A

gives information about successful outcomes

Example: a rugby coach praising a footballer for a good pass

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10
Q

Negative feedback

A

gives information about unsuccessful outcomes

Example: a tennis coach telling their player that their grip is incorrect

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11
Q

PEDs - impact on sport

A

clean athletes have their records questioned
creates bad publicity for the sport
creates a bad name for countries
drugs testing is expensive to carry out

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12
Q

PEDs - impact on performers

A

can receive bans and fines
stripped of medals and titles
lose sponsorship deals
become a bad role model

example - Lance Armstrong (cyclist)

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13
Q

Reasons for using PEDs

A

to improve physical function (strength or weight loss)
to improve psychological function (alertness or calm)
to win at all costs
the belief that others are doing it
the belief that they can get away with it

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14
Q

Why goal setting is important

A

adhere to exercise - can push people to stick with their exercise programme

motivate people - inspire or drive people to achieve their potential

optimise or improve performance - can lead to a higher level of performance

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15
Q

Types of goal setting

A

performance goal: concerned with technique such as toss the ball higher in a tennis serve

outcome goal: concerned with end result or winning such as a tennis serve landing in

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16
Q

Social benefits of physical activity

A

increase friendship groups - meeting new people
increases sense of belonging - feeling part of a team
socially active - more chance to meet socially

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17
Q

Physical benefits of physical activity

A

prevents injury - increases flexibility
decreases risk of heart disease - lowers blood fat
increases bone density - new bone growth
prevents obesity - lowers body fat
increases fitness and maintains good posture - strengthens core muscles and prevents lower back pain

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18
Q

Emotional benefits of physical activity

A

increases self esteem - release of endorphins
improves confidence - experiencing success
manages stress - endorphins will improve mood
provides a positive body image - happy with physique

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19
Q

Social consequences of no physical activity

A

small friendship group - lack of opportunities to develop new friendships
feeling isolated - not feeling part of a group
loneliness - lack of people to talk to and interact with

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20
Q

Physical consequences of no physical activity

A

increases risk injury - poor flexibility
increases risk of heart disease - higher blood fat
lower bone density - increase chance of fractures
leads to obesity - stored fat is high
poor fitness and posture - weak core muscles lead to lower back pain

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21
Q

Emotional consequences of no physical activity

A

decreases self esteem - poor body image
poor management of stress - lack of ways to release stress
negative body image - not liking the shape or size of your body

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22
Q

A motor skill

A

a skill that involved limb movement
a learned movement response can be open/ closed/ simple/ complex

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23
Q

Mechanical guidance

A

use of equipment e.g. a swimmer using a float

advantages:
reduces fear
increases safety
raises confidence

disadvantages:
unrealistic feeling
overreliance on the support
dangerous if incorrect

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24
Q

Manual guidance

A

Giving physical support e.g. a coach holding the legs of a gymnast doing a handstand

advantages:
reduces fear
increases safety
raises confidence

disadvantages:
unrealistic feeling
overreliance on the support
dangerous if incorrect

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25
Verbal guidance
describe or explain how to perform a skill usually done alongside visual guidance
26
Visual guidance
demonstrations, video, pictures used to show a performer what is required advantages: good for beginners easy to remember quick and effective disadvantages: hard to get a feel for the skill can be too complicated
27
Mental preparation
imagery mental rehearsal (internal and external imagery) selective attention positive thinking
28
Mental preparation - imagery
a creation of pictures in the mind to improve concentration, confidence, reduce anxiety or stress, make the performer happy and relaxed or calm e.g. a footballer thinking of a calm or relaxing place before a cup final
29
Mental preparation - mental rehearsal
forming a mental image of them performing the skill internal imagery - from their own view point external imagery - out of body point of view e.g. a gymnast imagining themselves performing a routine
30
Mental preparation - selective attention
concentrating on relevant information and ignores distractions e.g. golfer filtering out the noise of the crowd and focus only on the ball
31
Mental preparation - positive thinking
talking to themselves or thinking positively about a past performance e.g. a footballer preparing for a penalty saying to himself 'you can do it' or 'remember the time you scored a penalty'
32
What is a sedentary lifestyle?
inactivity or lack of exercise such as sat at a desk all day, driving everywhere, taking part in no physical activity
33
Stimulants
effects: increases alertness increases concentration increased endurance of athletes negatives: sleep problems anxiety examples: sprinters, motor sports
34
Beta- blockers
effects: decreases blood pressure decreases heart rate decreases anxiety negatives: dizzy spells tiredness stomach problems examples: snooker, archery and shooting
35
Anabolic steroids
effects: increased muscle mass and strength speeds up recovery increases duration and intensity of training negatives: aggression and mood swings liver damage and heart failure examples: weightlifters, sprinters, rugby
36
Definition of Health, Fitness and Well-being
health - a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being fitness - the capacity to carry out life's activities without getting too tired well-being - the feeling or mental state of being content, happy and healthy
37
What is a healthy, balanced lifestyle?
a healthy and balanced diet regular exercise maintaining a healthy bodyweight not smoking or drinking minimising stress maintaining positive relationships
38
Components of a balanced diet
carbohydrates proteins fats vitamins and minerals fibre water and hydration
39
carbohydrates
provide us with energy for muscle contraction (75%) it is stored in the muscle as glycogen examples - pasta and potatoes example: long distance sports like marathon runner or football player (midfield)
40
Fats
insulate and cushion organs and can provide energy which is stored examples - fish, oil, peanut butter example: endurance sports like triathlon
41
fibre
helps with regular bowl movements and the large intestine to function examples - cereals and beans example: any sport as long as its linked to ability to train and perform and not having bowl problems
42
Vitamins and minerals
help with blood clotting, connective tissue and bone health examples - fruit and vegetables example: any sport but linked to strong bones such as a footballer
43
Water and hydration
helps to move substances around the body and allows chemical reactions to take place replaces fluids lost to sweating examples - water or hydration sports drinks example: endurance sports like a marathon runner, netball, rugby or football
44
proteins
helps the growth and repair of the muscles produces haemoglobin examples - fish and meat example: building power and strength such as weight lifter, rugby player and 100m sprinter
45
the environmental continuum
open - effected by the environment (pass in football) closed - not effected by environment (tennis serve)
46
the difficulty continuum
simple - not a lot of judgements or decisions to make (sprint sport) complex - lots of judgements and decisions (netball pass)
47
Golden triangle
links between all three: sport, media and sponsorship interdependent all three need each other
48
Media - Negatives
pay per view limit access - champions league only on BT Sport poor role models highlighted - Lance Armstrong caught taking drugs so cycling has a damaged reputation controls or changes sports - VAR in football
49
Deviance in sport
cheating - behaviour against the written rules of sport examples: two footed tackle in football headbutt in boxing taking performance enhancing drugs
50
Gender
men participate more than women by around 10% more reasons: more media and funding for perceived male sports like football and rugby less funding for female sports females discriminated against some sports
51
Improving participation
promotion - increase awareness of role models, opportunities and choices provision - making coaches, facilities and equipment available access - reducing cost, disabled facilities, women/ older adults only sessions, providing transport
52
What is commercialisation?
influence of business on sport to make a profit or people using sports to make a profit
53
Sportsmanship
behaviour that shows respect and fair play towards other players, officials and spectators kicking the ball out of play in football after an injury shaking hands before and after the game batsman 'walking' in cricket if they are out
54
Sponsorship - Negatives
bad image for the sport if linked to fast food/ alcohol - McDonalds sponsoring the Olympic games pressure from sponsors on the athletes - Nike pressuring Mo Farrah only the top athletes/ teams receive sponsorship - Mo Farrah in athletics
55
Media - Positives
Generates funding - McDonalds sponsor FA, more money for grassroots football Promotes role models - media created Anthony Joshua as a role model Increases participation - tennis participation increases when Wimbledon is on the BBC Promotes minority sports - Sports like Curling are promoted during the winter olympics
56
Why is sportsmanship important?
makes the activity more enjoyable encourages a good atmosphere helps officials, referees and umpires helps the game to flow makes it safer makes it fairer creates good role models
57
Gamesmanship
bending the rules to gain an unfair advantage using unethical methods to try and win footballer diving to get a foul tennis player delaying their serve netball player holding onto their opponent moving the ball closer to the posts in a penalty in rugby sledging in cricket
58
Sponsorship - Positives
generates funding - Emirates sponsor Arsenal's stadium so they have more money to spend on players pays for facilities - Emirates sponsor Arsenal so they can build more training pitches full time training - Nike sponsor Mo Farrah so he can train full time
59
Reasons for Deviance in sport
to enhance performance pressure to win retaliation/ revenge reaction to a poor referee decision as a result of taking drugs
60
Trends in sport participation
disability - low but increasing participation rates (17%) amongst disabled people reasons: lack of facilities and provision available and some may have a lack of money for facilities and equipment

GCSE PE (4 decks)

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