Paper 1 (pt 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe how blood circulates around the heart

A
  • deoxygenated blood enters the heart from the body through the Vena cave and enters the right atrium
  • deoxygenated blood then passes through tricuspid valve and enters the right ventricle
  • the deoxygenated blood then travels to the pulmonary artery and leaves the heart to go to the lungs
  • oxygenated blood enters the heart through the pulmonary vein
  • the oxygenated blood enters the left atrium and travels through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle
  • the oxygenated blood then travels up the aortic arc and passes through the aorta back into the body/ systematic system/ the working muscles
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2
Q

Describe the double circulatory system

A

The heart consists of two loops
Blood passes through the heart twice

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3
Q

Describe what happens in pulmonary circulation

A

Carries blood from between the heart and lungs

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4
Q

Describe what happens in systematic circulation

A

Carries blood from between the heart and the muscles

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5
Q

What is the function of the aorta?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the muscles

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6
Q

What is the function of the Vena cava?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the muscle to the right atrium

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7
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

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8
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the atrium

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9
Q

Describe the differences between arteries and veins

A

Arteries - vasodilate and vasocnstrict to control blood flow. Carry mainly oxygenated blood and has high blood pressure and thick walls

Veins - valves prevent backflow of blood, carry mainly deoxygenated blood and have a low blood pressure and have thin walls

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10
Q

What is the main function for valves in the heart?

A

They prevent the backflow of blood

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11
Q

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

A

Stops blood flowing back into the right atrium

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12
Q

What is the function of the semi-lunar valve?

A

Stops backflow of blood into the right ventricle

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13
Q

What is the function for the bicuspid valve?

A

Stops backflow of blood into the left atrium

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14
Q

What is heart rate?

A

The number of times the heart beats per minute

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15
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart per beat

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16
Q

What is cardiac output

A

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart each minute

17
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The volume of air inspired or expired each breath

18
Q

What is minute ventilation?

A

The volume of air inspired or expired each minute

19
Q

What is respiratory rate?

A

The number of inspirations or expirations per minute

20
Q

What is the role of red blood cells?

A

Transports oxygen to the working muscles
Transports carbon dioxide to the lungs

21
Q

What’s the order of the passage of air through the body?

A

Nasial cavity
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

22
Q

Describe the respiratory muscles during inspiration

A

Intercoastal muscles - contracts
Diaphragm - contracts

Ribs - moves up and out
Thoracic cavity - volume increases
Thoracic cavity - pressure decreases

23
Q

Describe the respiratory muscles during expiration

A

Intercoastal muscles - relaxes
Diaphragm - relaxes

Ribs - moves down and in
Thoracic cavity - volume decreases
Thoracic cavity - pressure increases

24
Q

What is the function of alveoli?

A

Allows gaseous exchange
Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to the blood
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli

25
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic?
Aerobic: - oxygen is used - no lactic acid is produced - low/ moderate intensity - continuous (+3 minutes) - marathon, long distance cycling Anaerobic: - no oxygen is used - lactic acid is produced - high intensity - short bursts (10 seconds) - 100m sprint/ power lifting
26
What are the short and long term effects of the CV system?
Short term: Increased heart rate Increased stroke volume Increased cardiac output Redistribution of blood flow Long term: Decreased resting heart rate Increased resting stroke volume Increased cardiac output Increased speed of recovery Cappilarisation Hypertrophy of the heart Decrease in chance of heart disease
27
What are the short and long term effects of muscles and bones?
Short term: Increased muscle temperature Production of lactic acid Long term: Increased bone density Hypertrophy of muscles Increased strength of muscles Increased muscular endurance and resistance to fatigue Increased flexibility of muscles
28
What are the short and long term effects of the respiratory system?
Short term: Increased breathing frequency Increased tidal volume Increased minute ventilation Long term: Increased aerobic capacity Increased strength of diaphragm and intercostal muscles Increased tidal volume Increased minute ventilation Increase in alveoli Decreased chance of lung disease