Paper 1 (pt 1)

Question 1

Describe how blood circulates around the heart

Answer 1

• deoxygenated blood enters the heart from the body through the Vena cave and enters the right atrium
• deoxygenated blood then passes through tricuspid valve and enters the right ventricle
• the deoxygenated blood then travels to the pulmonary artery and leaves the heart to go to the lungs
• oxygenated blood enters the heart through the pulmonary vein
• the oxygenated blood enters the left atrium and travels through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle
• the oxygenated blood then travels up the aortic arc and passes through the aorta back into the body/ systematic system/ the working muscles

Question 2

Describe the double circulatory system

Answer 2

The heart consists of two loops
Blood passes through the heart twice

Question 3

Describe what happens in pulmonary circulation

Answer 3

Carries blood from between the heart and lungs

Question 4

Describe what happens in systematic circulation

Answer 4

Carries blood from between the heart and the muscles

Question 5

What is the function of the aorta?

Answer 5

Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the muscles

Question 6

What is the function of the Vena cava?

Answer 6

Carries deoxygenated blood from the muscle to the right atrium

Question 7

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

Answer 7

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 8

What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

Answer 8

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the atrium

Question 9

Describe the differences between arteries and veins

Answer 9

Arteries - vasodilate and vasocnstrict to control blood flow. Carry mainly oxygenated blood and has high blood pressure and thick walls

Veins - valves prevent backflow of blood, carry mainly deoxygenated blood and have a low blood pressure and have thin walls

Question 10

What is the main function for valves in the heart?

Answer 10

They prevent the backflow of blood

Question 11

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 11

Stops blood flowing back into the right atrium

Question 12

What is the function of the semi-lunar valve?

Answer 12

Stops backflow of blood into the right ventricle

Question 13

What is the function for the bicuspid valve?

Answer 13

Stops backflow of blood into the left atrium

Question 14

What is heart rate?

Answer 14

The number of times the heart beats per minute

Question 15

What is stroke volume?

Answer 15

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart per beat

Question 16

What is cardiac output

Answer 16

The volume of blood pumped out of the heart each minute

Question 17

What is tidal volume?

Answer 17

The volume of air inspired or expired each breath

Question 18

What is minute ventilation?

Answer 18

The volume of air inspired or expired each minute

Question 19

What is respiratory rate?

Answer 19

The number of inspirations or expirations per minute

Question 20

What is the role of red blood cells?

Answer 20

Transports oxygen to the working muscles
Transports carbon dioxide to the lungs

Question 21

What’s the order of the passage of air through the body?

Answer 21

Nasial cavity
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 22

Describe the respiratory muscles during inspiration

Answer 22

Intercoastal muscles - contracts
Diaphragm - contracts

Ribs - moves up and out
Thoracic cavity - volume increases
Thoracic cavity - pressure decreases

Question 23

Describe the respiratory muscles during expiration

Answer 23

Intercoastal muscles - relaxes
Diaphragm - relaxes

Ribs - moves down and in
Thoracic cavity - volume decreases
Thoracic cavity - pressure increases

Question 24

What is the function of alveoli?

Answer 24

Allows gaseous exchange
Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to the blood
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the alveoli

Question 25

What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic?

Answer 25

Aerobic:
- oxygen is used
- no lactic acid is produced
- low/ moderate intensity
- continuous (+3 minutes)
- marathon, long distance cycling

Anaerobic:
- no oxygen is used
- lactic acid is produced
- high intensity
- short bursts (10 seconds)
- 100m sprint/ power lifting

Question 26

What are the short and long term effects of the CV system?

Answer 26

Short term:
Increased heart rate
Increased stroke volume
Increased cardiac output
Redistribution of blood flow

Long term:
Decreased resting heart rate
Increased resting stroke volume
Increased cardiac output
Increased speed of recovery
Cappilarisation
Hypertrophy of the heart
Decrease in chance of heart disease

Question 27

What are the short and long term effects of muscles and bones?

Answer 27

Short term:
Increased muscle temperature
Production of lactic acid

Long term:
Increased bone density
Hypertrophy of muscles
Increased strength of muscles
Increased muscular endurance and resistance to fatigue
Increased flexibility of muscles

Question 28

What are the short and long term effects of the respiratory system?

Answer 28

Short term:
Increased breathing frequency
Increased tidal volume
Increased minute ventilation

Long term:
Increased aerobic capacity
Increased strength of diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Increased tidal volume
Increased minute ventilation
Increase in alveoli
Decreased chance of lung disease