paper 2 jan mock things

Question 1

decomposition of ozone

Answer 1

Cl. + O3 –> ClO. + O2
ClO. + O3 –> Cl. + 2O2

Question 2

does halogenoalkane or alcohol functional group take priority?

Answer 2

alcohol

Question 3

what do nucleophiles do

Answer 3

donate electron pair

Question 4

what does nucleophillic addition do?

also what are reagents and conditions

Answer 4

gets rid of C=O bond (in aldehyde/ketone) by adding :CN- or :H- to form hydroxynitrile or alcohol respectively.

KCN/NaBH4 or LiAlH4 with dilute H2SO4

Question 5

give two ways of maximising the yeild of propanal obtained by distillation of the reaction mixture (or propanal, propan-1-ol and propanoic acid)

Answer 5

• keep temperature below the boiling point of the substance with the next lowest BP (in this Q 97C is BP of next)
• cool distillate

Question 6

How do you test for carboxylic acids?

Answer 6

sodium carbonate
will cause gas produced to turn limewater (calcium hydroxide) cloudy (CO2 produced)

Question 7

whats the name of

Answer 7

1-phenylpropan-1-ol

Question 8

what does the acyl chloride loose in nucelophillic addition-elimination

Answer 8

:Cl-

Question 9

What does the nucelophile loose in nucelophillic addition elimination reaction?

Answer 9

an H+

Question 10

what is the byrpoduct in nucelophillic addition-elimination reactions producing carboxyllic acids or esters
+ whats the observation

Answer 10

HCl
misty fumes

Question 11

what kind of primary amine CANNOT be formed by reducing a nitrile?

Answer 11

one with a methyl group attatched to C1 as in the carbon that the N atom is attatched to.

Question 12

production of ethanol -fermentation

reaction
temp
pressure
catalyst
other
raw material
type of process
reaction rate
purity of ethanol

Answer 12

C6H12O6 –> 2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2
35C
noraml atm pressure
enzyme in yeast
aqueous anaerobic
carbohydrate crops eg maize
batch (stop-start)
slow
impure (must be purified by fractional distillation)

Question 13

production of ethanol - ethene with steam (hydration)

reaction
temp
pressure
catalyst
other
raw material
type of process
reaction rate
purity of ethanol

Answer 13

CH2=CH2 + H2O –> CH3CH2OH
900C
70atm
conc phosphoric acid
crude oil
continuous
fast
pure

Question 14

acronym for products of fractional distillation of crude oil, bottom to top

Answer 14

Dr Kangaroo Not Good Fun

Diesel, Kerosene, Naptha, Gasoline, Fuel Gas

Question 15

thermal vs catalytic cracking
temo
pressure
products

Answer 15

thermal
temp: 900C
pressure: 70 atm
products: alkenes
catalytic
temp: 450
pressure 1-2atm
products: motor fuels (cyclic alkanes, aromatics, branched alkanes)

Question 16

reagents and conditions for nitration (electrophillc substitution)

Answer 16

• conc HNO3 and conc H2SO4
• warm

Question 17

generation of electrophile for nitration

Answer 17

HNO3 + 2H2SO4 –> NO3+ + 2HSO4- + H3O+

Question 18

why do carboxyllic acids have higher BP than alchols?

Answer 18

two hydrogen bonds form between molecules, holding them together in a dimer

Question 19

reagents and conditions of elimination in halogenoalkanes?

Answer 19

KOH dissolved in alcohol
reflux

Question 20

conditions of elimation in alchols

Answer 20

heat and excess conc H3PO4/H3PO4

Question 21

regents and conditions of electrophillic additon - hydration of alkenes

Answer 21

regents : H2O
conditions: high temp high pressure and conc H3PO4/H2SO4