3.2.5.1 General Properties Of Transition Metals Flashcards
What is a transition metal?
Element that has an incomplete d sub shell in either its atoms or one of its common ions
What are rules of electron structure?
- 4s fills before 3d
- 4s empties before 3d (in ions)
- if an atom/ ion can half or completely fill d orbitals it will before it fills 4s
What are the transition metals that fill their shells a bit weird?
Cr is [Ar] 4s13d5
Cu is [Ar] 4s1 3d10
What properties are a result of the incomplete d sub shell in transition metals?
- variable oxidation states
- catalytic action
- coloured compounds
- formation of complexes
define ‚ligand‘
A ligand is a molecule or ion that forms a co-ordinate bond with a transition metal by donating a pair of electrons
Define a ‘complex’
A complex is a central atom or ion surrounded by ligands
Define ‘co-ordination number’
number of co-ordinate bonds to the central metal atom or ion
Shapes of most common complexes
What are the 3 types of ligand?
- unidente ligans
- didente ligand
- multidente ligand
Unidentate ligand
- what
- which
Ligands which form one co-ordinate bind to a metal ion
[CuCl4]2-
[Cr(OH)6]3-
[Ag(CN)2]-
[Fe(H2O)6]2+
[Cr(NH3)6]3+
Bidentate ligand
- what
- which
Multidentate ligand
- what
- which
Describe the structure of haemolglobin
- globular
- contains 4 Fe2+ centres each with a porphryin ligand taking up 4 of the 6 co-ordination sites
- one of the other 2 sites is bonded to the rest of the haemoglobin structure leaving one site to which oxygen can bond as a ligand
Why are cyanide ions and carbon monoxide ligands dangerous
They are better ligands than 02 so will bond to haemoglobin in preference to oxygen.
They are toxic because they prevent transfer of oxygen around the body
How do you name Ligand complexes
What are cis-trans isomers
Special case of E-Z isomers
It can occur in octahedral and square planar complexes where there are two ligands of one type different to the other ligands.
which version of Pt(NH)3 Cl2
has the effect on cancer
Cisplatin
