Paper 2 - Health, Fitness And Wellbeing

Question 1

What is physical health and wellbeing?

Answer 1

All of a person‘s body systems working well and free from illness and injury

Question 2

What are the benefits of maintaining physical health and wellbeing?

Answer 2

Helps avoid obesity
Improves heart function, making it more efficient at pumping blood around the body
Improves efficiency of musculoskeletal and cardio-respiratory systems
Reduces risks of type 2 diabetes and heart diseases
Enables a higher efficiency in doing everyday tasks that require some sort of flexibility, strength or endurance

Question 3

What is mental health and wellbeing?

Answer 3

A state of wellbeing in which the individual can cope with the normal stresses of everyday life, can work productively and can make a contribution to the community

Question 4

What are the benefits to maintaining mental health and wellbeing?

Answer 4

Helps reduce stress and anxiety
Helps to control emotions
Can result in the release of endorphins or serotonin

Question 5

What is social health and wellbeing?

Answer 5

Basic human needs being met (food, shelter and clothing)
The individual has friendship and support, some value to society and is socially active without having stress in those circumstances

Question 6

What are the benefits to maintaining social health and wellbeing?

Answer 6

Provides opportunities to socialise and make friends
Enables you to cooperate with others
Enables you to work collaboratively in a team

Question 7

What is fitness?

Answer 7

The ability to meet with the demands of the environment

Question 8

What are the benefits to maintaining fitness?

Answer 8

Enables you to improve your level of fitness, as well as overall wellbeing
Reduces chances of injury or illness
Can ensure that you are physically able to work, especially in a laborious job

Question 9

What is a sedentary lifestyle?

Answer 9

A lifestyle with irregular or no physical activity

Question 10

What is obesity?

Answer 10

A term used to describe people with a large fat content, caused by an imbalance of calories consumed to burned.

Question 11

How can you tell if you might have obesity?

Answer 11

BMI < 30 or more
20% above standard weight to height ratio

Question 12

What are the effects of obesity?

Answer 12

Increased risk of poor sleeping patterns
Increased risk of poor self-esteem
Increased risk of heart disease
Increased risk of type 2 diabetes
Increased risk of hypertension
Increased risk of lethargy
Weight gain

Question 13

How can obesity affect a person’s fitness?

Answer 13

Limited flexibility
Limited agility
Limited stamina
Limited speed and power
Can affect performances

Question 14

What is flexibility?

Answer 14

Your range of movement

Question 15

What is agility?

Answer 15

Ability to change direction

Question 16

What are the effects of physical ill health?

Answer 16

Increased risk of cancer
Increased risk of type 2 diabetes
Increased risk of heart problems (disease of heart attacks)
Increased risk of hypertension
Increased risk of high cholesterol levels
Increased pressure on joints

Question 17

What are the effects of social ill health?

Answer 17

An increased risk of being unable to socialise, so poor mental health
Less confidence

Question 18

What are the effects of mental ill health?

Answer 18

Increased risk of depression
Lasting feelings of hopelessness, losing interests in things you enjoyed
Tiredness
Loss of confidence

Question 19

What is a somatotype?

Answer 19

A classification of body type - ectomorph, endomorph or mesomorph

Question 20

What is an ectomorph?

Answer 20

A somatotype characterised by being tall and thin with narrow shoulders and narrow hips

Question 21

What are the characteristics of an ectomorph?

Answer 21

Very thin and lean (usually tall)
Narrow shoulders, hips and chest
Not much fat/muscle
Long arms and legs
Thin face and high forehead

Question 22

What activities would be best suited for an ectomorph?

Answer 22

High jump, as they would have less weight to lift up
Long-distance running as they wouldn’t have as much weight to carry
Badminton as they would be more agile and flexible

Question 23

What is an endomorph?

Answer 23

A somatotype characterised by a pear-shaped body/fatness with wide hips and narrow shoulders

Question 24

What are the characteristics of an endomorph?

Answer 24

Pear-shaped body
High fat content
Fat, round middle, thighs and upper arms

Question 25

What activities would be best suited for an endomorph?

Answer 25

Activities that simply require bulk Front row forwards in rugby as they would need to hold off and push against larger players Shot put as it doesn’t require agility but you need weight to get behind the shot put Sumo wrestling as you will need to be able to push your opponent out of the ring or on their back, and more weight behind the push would help

Question 26

What is a mesomorph?

Answer 26

A somatotype characterised by a muscular appearance with wide shoulders and narrow hips

Question 27

What are the characteristics of a mesomorph?

Answer 27

A wedge body shape Large muscle content Broad shoulders and thin waist Excellent for producing power and strength

Question 28

What activities would be best suited for a mesomorph?

Answer 28

Sprinting as they would have good leg and arm muscles but not too much weight behind it Rugby players as they would have a good balance of speed and agility, but also power and strength

Question 29

What is the recommended daily calorie intake for adult men and women?

Answer 29

Men - 2500 kcal Women - 2000 kcal

Question 30

What factors affect calorie requirements?

Answer 30

Height - taller people have larger muscles Gender - men tend to have larger skeletons and muscle mass Age - under age of 25 needs more calories, over 25 turns muscle into fat and needs fewer calories BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate) - how fast energy is used. Energy expenditure - more exercise needs more energy

Question 31

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 31

Eating: The right amount of calories The right amount for energy expenditure According to how much you exercise Different food types to provide suitable nutrients, vitamins and minerals

Question 32

What are the 7 components of a balanced diet?

Answer 32

Carbohydrates (55-60%) Protein (15-20%) Fats (25-30%) Minerals Vitamins Fibre Water

Question 33

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 33

Main and preferred energy source for all types of exercise for all types of exercise, for all intensities Main source of glucose

Question 34

What are sources of simple carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, lactose)?

Answer 34

Found naturally in fruits, milks and milk products Found in processed and refined sugars such as candy, sugar, syrups and soft drinks

Question 35

What are sources of complex carbohydrates (starch)?

Answer 35

Bread, pasta, rice, potatoes

Question 36

What is the function of fats?

Answer 36

An energy source that provides more than double the amount of energy that carbohydrates provide Helps to carry vitamins in the body Fats can only be used as energy sources at low intensity (walking and light jogging)

Question 37

What are sources of saturated fats?

Answer 37

Animal fats

Question 38

What are sources of unsaturated fats?

Answer 38

Vegetable fats/oils

Question 39

What is the function of proteins?

Answer 39

Growth and repair of body tissues Small part in providing energy

Question 40

What are sources of protein?

Answer 40

Meats, eggs, fish, dairy products, nuts, cereals

Question 41

What are the functions of vitamins?

Answer 41

Organic substances required for many essential processes in the body Maintains efficient working of body systems and general health

Question 42

What are the functions of minerals?

Answer 42

Inorganic substances which assist many body functions Maintains efficient working of body systems and general health

Question 43

What are the functions of fibres?

Answer 43

Lowers risks of heart disease, strokes, type 2 diabetes, bowel cancers

Question 44

What is the function of water?

Answer 44

Maintains hydration levels Assists body functions Helps with reactions, lubrication, maintains correct body temperature

Question 45

What are the benefits of hydration?

Answer 45

Help with reactions Assist with lubrication Maintains correct body temperature

Question 46

What is rehydration?

Answer 46

The process of restoring lost water

Question 47

What is dehydration?

Answer 47

Excessive water loss interrupting the function of the body

Question 48

What are the dangers of dehydration?

Answer 48

Blood thickening, slowing down blood flow Heart rate increases, heart works harder causing irregular heart rates Reaction time decreases Muscle fatigue/ cramps Increased body temperature