Paper 2: Health And The People Thematic Study Surgery Flashcards
1
Q
Who was John of Arderne?
A
- English Medieval surgeon
- Wrote a book (Practica) about medicine
- He had practical experience in the 100 Years War
- He used opium and henbane as painkillers
2
Q
Who was Mondino?
A
- Wrote ‘Anathomia’, which became the standard dissection manual for 200 years
- Helped introduce dissections to universities
- Taught Galen’s incorrect anatomy
3
Q
Who was Frugardi of Salerno?
A
- Wrote a surgery textbook in 1180 that was widely used in Europe
- Warned against trepanning, tried ambitious operations and tried to remove bladder stones
4
Q
Who was Hugh of Lucca and his son Theodoric?
A
- Famous surgeons that criticised the view that pus was needed for healing
- They used wine to reduce infection
- They ideas of infection were against Hippocrates and was unpopular
5
Q
Who was Abulcasis?
A
- A Muslim surgeon considered the ‘father of modern surgery’
- Wrote a medical book, ‘Al Tasrif’ in 1000
- Invented 26 new surgical instruments, described new procedures, and made cauterisation popular
6
Q
Who was De Chauliac?
A
- French surgeon who wrote ‘Great Surgery’ - a standard textbook for 200 years
- Really liked Galen, referenced him 900 times
- Didn’t like Theodoric of Lucca’s ideas about preventing infection
7
Q
What medical advancement did Luca & Theodoric make?
A
They discovered alcohol sterilisation
8
Q
What medical advancement did John of Ardine make?
A
He used opium for pain relief
9
Q
A
10
Q
Give examples for Pioneering Work Harvey did for Surgery
A
- First to theorise blood pumped around the heart
- Used the scientific method + dissection
11
Q
What is the Keller Blake Splint?
A
Invented during WW1, it is still used today to help heal broken bones
12
Q
What did Albert Hustin discover
A
That you could stop blood clotting by using glucose and sodium citrate. This meant the blood could be stores
13
Q
When were x-rays discovered and how were they used in WW1?
A
- They were used to find bullets and shrapnel
14
Q
Why did war increase surgical progress?
A
- x-rays
- Keller Blake Splint
- Hustin blood storage/transfusions
- Skin Grafts
- Transplants
15
Q
- Give an example for Science and Technology as a theme for surgery
A
- Marie and Pierre Curie’s work on radiation led to the invention of the x-ray. This allowed surgeons to look where they’re operating before they start.
- This was useful to removing shrapnel during WW1. It led to the development of the MRI in the 1970s which allowed soft tissue to be seen.
