Paper 2 BS Flashcards
1
Q
Sensory Neurons
A
- Found in sensory receptors
- Carry electrical impulses from sensory receptors to CNS via the PNS, neurons convert them from sensory receptors to electrical impulses
- When impulses reach the brain they are converted into sensations, e.g heat, pain etc so the body reacts appropriately
- Some impulses terminate at the spinal cord and therefore allows reflexes to occur quickly without the delay of the brain
2
Q
Motor Neurons
A
- Located in the CNS but project their axons outside of the CNS
- Send electrical impulses via long axons to glands and muscles so they can affect function
- Glands and muscles are called effectors
- When motor neurons are stimulated they produce neurotransmitters that bind to the receptors or muscles to trigger a response, leading to movement
3
Q
Relay Neurons
A
- Connect sensory neurons to motor neurons so that they communicate with one another
- During reflex arc the relay neurons in the spinal cord are involved in an analysis of the sensation and decide how to respond without waiting for the brain to process any pain for example
4
Q
CNS
A
- Consists of the brain and spinal cord
- Controls behaviour and the regulation of the body’s physiological processes
- Must be able to receive information from the sensory receptors and be able to send messages to muscles and glands of the body in response
5
Q
Cerebrum
A
Largest part of the brain, it has four lobes and is split down the middle into two halves, called the right and left hemisphere
6
Q
Cerebellum
A
Responsible for motor skills, balance and coordinating the muscles to allow precise movements
7
Q
Diencephalon
A
Contains the thalamus, which regulates consciousness, sleep, alertness, and the hypothalamus, regulates body temp, stress response, hunger and thirst
8
Q
Brain Stem
A
Regulates breathing and heart rate
9
Q
Spinal Cord
A
- Primary function is to relay information between the brain and the rest of the body
- This allows the brain to monitor and regulate bodily processes, such as digestion and breathing and co-ordinating voluntary movement
10
Q
Spinal Cord Connections
A
- Connected to different parts of the body by pairs of spinal nerves which connect to specific muscles and glands
- If the spinal cord is damaged, body areas connected to it by nerves the damage will be cut off and stop functioning
11
Q
Cognitive Approach Assumptions
A
- Psychology should be the study of internal mental processes, e.g memory, perception
- The importance of the role of the schema
- It is appropriate to make inferences about cognitive processes
- The use of models of explanation - theoretical and computer models
- Possibility of combining cognitive processes and biological structures (cognitive neuroscience)
12
Q
Cognitive Neuroscience
A
- Cognitive and biological processes can be integrated, leading to a discipline known as cognitive neuroscience
- The scientific study of the neurological structures, mechanisms, processes and chemistry which are responsible for our thinking process
- Brain imaging techniques such as Position Emission Tomography (PET) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
13
Q
Biological Approach Assumptions
A
- Behaviour has evolved through evolutionary adaption
- The genes an individual possesses influence their behaviour
- The biological examination of animals can provide useful information about human behaviour
- Biological structures and neurochemistry control and influence our reactions to the environment
14
Q
Eval of Biological Approach
A
+
Scientific Method
Practical Application
Allow coping mechanisms
-
Bio reductionism
Concern of use
15
Q
Self Actualisation
A
- Tended to be creative, accepting of other people and an accurate perception of themselves and the world around them
- Such individuals experience self-actualisation in the form of peak experiences
- These are moments of extreme inspiration and ecstasy during which they felt able to leave behind all doubts, fears and inhibitions
