Paper 2- Biopsychology

Question 1

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM-

Answer 1

• central ns & peripheral ns
• autonomic ns & somatic ns
• sympathetic ns & parasympathetic ns

Question 2

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM-

Answer 2

• responsible for a large number of bodily functions; growth, reproduction, sleep +metabolism
• system of glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream
• hormones
• pituitary gland
• thyroid gland
• glands

Question 3

FLIGHT/FIGHT RESPONSE

Answer 3

-sympathetic ns:
activated and releases the hormone adrenaline from the adrenal gland, this increases the heart rate and breathing rate, this increases the blood supply delivering oxygen and energy to the muscles for physical action

-parasympathetic ns:
slows everything back down, reducing the flight or fight response, returns everything back to a normal pace

Question 4

NEURONS-

Answer 4

• sensory neurons -l,s
• relay neurons -s,l
• motor neurons -s,s
• receptors detect a change in the environment and sends info to the brain (via sensory neurons)
• the brain makes a decision and sends instructions to the effectors (muscles and glands (via motor neurons) to coordinate a response
• relay neurons communicate messages between the sensory n’s and motor n’s

Question 5

SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION-

Answer 5

• the electrical impulse travels across the pre-synaptic neuron
• this triggers the vesicles to release chemical messengers called neurotransmitters
• the neurotransmitters travel across the synaptic cleft, and lick on to the receptor sites on the post-synaptic neuron
• this stimulates the post-synaptic neutron to convert the chemical message back into an electrical impulse
• neurotransmitters = excitory/ inhibitory
• is the process of transmitting messages between the neurons
• the synapse is a specialised gap

Question 6

LOCALISATION OF FUNCTIONS IN THE BRAIN-

Answer 6

• the theory of localisation believes that different parts of the brain are responsible for different behavioural processes
• 2 symmetrical halves
  -outer layer of hemispheres= cerebral cortex= grey matter
  -4 lobes —
  -FP
  -TO
  -right side of the 🚶🏽‍♀️ is controlled by the left side of the 🧠
• motor area
• somatosensory area
• visual area
• auditory area
  -brocas area -1880
  -wernickes area (language comprehension )
  ✅ brain scan evidence
  ✅ strength of brain scans

Question 7

PLASTICITY &FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY

Answer 7

-brains tendency
-Infancy& as we age
-London taxi drivers & bilingual
-secondary neural pathways & the brain rewire and reorganises itself
✅ aging
✅ maladaptive behavioural consequences
✅the theory of localisation

Question 8

SPLIT-BRAIN RESEARCH INTO HEMISPHERIC LATERALISATION-

Answer 8

-

Question 9

WAYS OF STUDYING THE BRAIN-

Answer 9

• EEG- 6 (✅5)(❎1)
• fMRI-3 (✅4)(❎3)
• ERP- 3(✅2)(❎1)
• PME-2 (✅3)(❎2)

Question 10

CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS-

Answer 10

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Question 11

INFRADIAN RHYTHMS-

Answer 11

-

Question 12

ULTRADUAN RHYTHMS-

Answer 12

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