Paper 2- Approaches

Question 1

ORIGINS OF PSYCHOLOGY-

Answer 1

-Wilheim Wundt
-Introspection
✅Scientific + Controlled Methods
❎ Subjective and Unreliable

Question 2

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING-

Answer 2

-learning through association
-Pavlov
-Dogs salivate
✅Scientific methods
✅Systematic Desensitisation
❎Unethical

Question 3

OPERANT CONDITIONING-

Answer 3

-learning through the consequences of behaviour
-consequences…
-Positive reinforcement
-Negative reinforcement
-Punishment
-Skinner’s Box
-3 conditions
✅Scientific Methods
❎Unethical

Question 4

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY-

Answer 4

-learn through observing and imitation others’ behaviours
-behaviour is learnt+conscious element
-imitation
-modelling
-identification
-mediational processes
-vicarious reinforcement
-Bandura’s research+findings
✅financial incentives
❎artificial measure of aggression
❎ gender differences

Question 5

COGNITIVE APPROACH-

Answer 5

-learning is a result of information processing
-inferences&schemas
-theoretical models-diagrammatical representations
-cognitive neuroscience
✅cognitive behavioural therapy
❎rely on inferences

Question 6

BIOLOGICAL APPROACH-

Answer 6

-

Question 7

PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH-

Answer 7

-perspective that describes different forces, most of which are unconscious, that direct human behaviour and experiences and operate on the mind
- Freud believed that we are aware of very little, memories emotions and feelings are locked in the unconscious
- we are not aware of their existence and presence- yet they still have a huge impact on our lives
-

Question 8

HUMANISTIC APPROACH-

Answer 8

-believes behaviour is the result of free will
- not determined by biological/external factors
- self actualisation
-ideal self
- self concept
- Maslow hierarchy
- unconditional positive regard
- conditions of worth
✅ believes in freewill
✅ real life applications
❎ culturally biased