Paper 2: AS NE KT2 1066-87 Flashcards
Harrying
A medieval term meaning to devastate or lay waste to an area.
Magnate
A historical term for a powerful and influential man.
March
An Anglo-Saxon term for a border region.
Motte
A mound of earth on which a castle was built.
Reconciliation
The process of former enemies forgiving each other.
Tenants-in-chief
Large landholders in Norman England who held land directly from the king.
Submission
A formal acceptance of and surrender to authority.
Tenure and landownership
“To hold land”; refers to the feudal system of landholding.
Vassal
Someone who held land in return for services to a Norman lord.
Bailey
The outer part of a castle surrounding the motte, often protected by a fence or wall.
Castellan
The governor of a castle and its surrounding land.
Excommunication
Removal from the Church, preventing access to religious services and the community.
Colonisation
The encouragement of immigration to another country.
Genocide
A deliberate and organized attempt to exterminate a group of people.
Forfeit
A punishment for committing a crime or breaking the law.
Guerrilla war
When small bands attack a larger force using surprise tactics, then disappear into the local population.
Events after Hastings
William was not recognised as King
Harolds army fled to London
Edgar Aethling crowned
Submission of the Earls
Who was crowned after Hastings? Month?
Edgar Aethling, October 1066
How did William get the throne? Where?
In Berkhamstead he met Edgar Aethling and Edwin and Morcar.
Edgar gave William the crown.
What did William do after Hastings?
Stole treasure from Winchester
Controlled the coast destroying towns that would not submit
Encircled London
Met Edgar in Berkhamstead
When was William crowned?
December 25th 1066
How did William reward his followers? Who were they?
Anglo-Saxons- Edwin and Morcar kept their Earldoms, Stigand and Ealdred remained Archbishops
His followers-Owned all land and could give it away, Gave gifts to the pope
How did William gain and keeppower?
Set up Geld tax to have money
Took all ownership of land
Tood Godwinsons land to give to followers
Created castles
Marcher Earldom names?
Chester, Shrewsbury, Hereford
Benefits of Marcher Earldoms
Small- Easy to control
Exempt of tax- Reward loyalty, encourage spending
Castles- Control Wales
Divided wealth- Could not get too powerful
How many castles did the Normas build?
500
Name features of a motte and bailey castle?
Motte- Mound of earth that houses the keep
Keep- Lookout tower
Palisade-Fence
Drawhouse- makes it more defendable
Ditch- Protects from invasion has spikes
Bailey- Troops and livestock
How would Castles helo William?
Scaring Anglo Saxon people
Providing protection for Normans
Space to rule people from
Reasons for the 1068 revolt
Dissatifaction with the Norman rule within nobility
Morcar had his land seized
Edwin was not allowed to marry William daughter
Events of the 1068 revolt
Edwin and Morcar lost their power
Renounced submission and gathered support
Fortified cities
William marched North and built castles
Edwin and Morcar submitted again
Consequences of the 1068 revolt
Edwin and Morcar weakened, Morcar imprisoned
William had more castles to control the North
